PAPERmaking! FROM THE PUBLISHERS OF PAPER TECHNOLOGY Volume 5, Number 2, 2019
ENZYMES Cellulases Production and Application of Cellulases and Accessory Enzymes in Pulp and Paper Industry: A Review, Muhammad Imran et al, PSM Biological Research , 4 (1), 2019. Cellulases are produced from a variety of microorganisms; include both bacteria and fungi. Solid-state fermentation, liquid-state fermentation, and fed-batch fermentation techniques are utilized for the manufacture of cellulases. Cellulases have vast applications in almost every industry and are extensively used in fabric manufacturing. Enzymes have been used in the pulp for juice making, food processing, paper manufacturing, and pharmaceutical applications. The process of recycling in the paper industry had great importance and its value increased day by day in writing and printing papers. Many manufacturing services in the paper industry were integrated. Paper mills start with wood chipping at first, followed by pulping, bleaching, papermaking, and recycling of the past consumer products. Reduction of energy by cellulase enzyme and chemicals has been used to improve the quality of the paper and help to decrease the environmental influence of pulp production. In the near future, the need for cellulases will be strongly recommended for the commercial production of biofuels and bioenergy. MOULDED PULP Production of Unitary Moulded Pulp Products Using Rapid-Köthen Apparatus, Monika Sikora & Dariusz Danielewicz, BioResources , 14 (4), pp.9781-9785. This study shows that it is possible to manufacture moulded products from fibrous pulp at the laboratory scale using the Rapid-Köthen apparatus (found in almost every paper laboratory) and a special sieve form set. This process includes the design of elements of the mould forming sets by special software, production of these elements using a numerically controlled tool machine, the assembly of the sieve form, its installation in the Rapid-Köthen apparatus, and the forming and drying of the pulp product. On the drying process of molded pulp products: Experiments and numerical modelling, Didone, Mattia et al, Drying Technology (an International Journal) , 2019, online. Molded pulp products are experiencing increased importance due to their environment-friendly characteristics with regards to both production and disposal. In this study, the thermoforming process for the production of molded pulp products was examined by means of two experimental campaigns, with the scope of distinguishing between the water removal due to only compression (better known as cold pressing) and the water removal under additional thermal conditions. The underlying multiphysics of the processes were identified by comparison with similar manufacturing processes found in available literature, and then implemented using a 1-dimensional finite element model in COMSOL software. This fast, simple model was able to predict the water removal for a specific set of process conditions and the results were supported by corresponding experim ental observations. Within a process time of up to 15 s, temperatures ranging from 80 °C to 120 °C, and a final dryness between 40% and 65%, the simulations gave accurate estimates, with a difference in prediction down to 0.3%. The paper thus documents the first combined experimental-simulation study for thermoforming of molded pulp products. Moulded pulp products manufacturing with thermoforming, Mattia Didone & Guido Tosello, Packaging Science & Technology , 32 (1), pp.7-22. Over the past years, eco Ǧ friendly packaging solutions such as moulded pulp have resonated with a growing number of consumers. Among all of them, the thermoformed products make use of the most recent manufacturing approach that produces high Ǧ quality, thin Ǧ walled items. However, it remains an underresearched area, and the development of an efficient and precise manufacturing process is fundamental in order to increase the implementation of sustainable packaging.
Technical Abstracts
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