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but this e ff ectwas e ff ectively counteracted with the optimization of the three-component retention system used. Author Contributions: Conceptualization, C.N. and A.B. (Angeles Blanco); Formal Analysis, A.B. (Angeles Blanco), A.B. (Ana Balea), J.L.S.-S., C.N., and M.C.M.; Investigation, A.B. (Ana Balea), J.L.S.-S., and N.M.; Data Curation, A.B. (Ana Balea) and J.L.S.-S.; Writing—Original Draft Preparation, A.B. (Ana Balea), J.L.S.-S., A.B. (Angeles Blanco) and M.C.M.; Writing—Review and Editing, A.B. (Ana Balea), M.C.M. and N.M.; Supervision, A.B. (Angeles Blanco) and C.N.; Project Administration, C.N.; Funding Acquisition, A.B. (Angeles Blanco) and C.N. Funding: The authors wish to thank the Community of Madrid and the Economy and Competitiveness Ministry of Spain for the support of the projects S2013 / MAE-2907 (RETO-PROSOST-CM) and CTQ2017-85654-C2-2-R, respectively, as well as the support of Complutense University of Madrid and Santander Bank for the grant of J.L. Sanchez-Salvador (CT17 / 17). Conflicts of Interest: The authors declare no conflicts of interest. References 1. Miranda, R.; Bobu, E.; Grossmann, H.; Stawicki, B.; Blanco, A. Factors influencing a higher use of recovered paper in the european paper industry. Cellul. Chem. Technol. 2010 , 44 , 419–430. 2. Blanco, A.; Miranda, R.; Monte, M.C. Extending the limits of paper recycling: Improvements along the paper value chain. For. Syst. 2013 , 22 , 471–483. [CrossRef] 3. CEPI. Key Statistics 2017. European Pulp and Paper Industry ; CEPI: Brussels, Belgium, 2017; Available online: http: // www.cepi.org / system / files / public / documents / publications / statistics / 2018 / 210X140_ CEPI_Brochure_KeyStatistics2017_WEB.pdf (accessed on 3 April 2019). 4. Blanco, A.; Monte, M.C.; Campano, C.; Balea, A.; Merayo, N.; Negro, C. Nanocellulose for Industrial Use: Cellulose Nanofibers (CNF), Cellulose Nanocrystals (CNC), and Bacterial Cellulose (BC). In Handbook of Nanomaterials for Industrial Applications ; Elsevier: Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 2018; pp. 74–126. 5. Klemm, D.; Cranston, E.D.; Fischer, D.; Gama, M.; Kedzior, S.A.; Kralisch, D.; Kramer, F.; Kondo, T.; Lindstrom, T.; Nietzsche, S.; et al. Nanocellulose as a natural source for groundbreaking applications in materials science: Today’s state. Mater. Today 2018 , 21 , 720–748. [CrossRef] 6. Osong, S.H.; Norgren, S.; Engstrand, P. Processing of wood-based microfibrillated cellulose and nanofibrillated cellulose, and applications relating to papermaking: A review. Cellulose 2016 , 23 , 93–123. [CrossRef] 7. Kargarzadeh, H.; Mariano, M.; Huang, J.; Lin, N.; Ahmad, I.; Dufresne, A.; Thomas, S. Recent developments on nanocellulose reinforced polymer nanocomposites: A review. Polymer 2017 , 132 , 368–393. [CrossRef] 8. Dufresne, A. Cellulose nanomaterials as green nanoreinforcements for polymer nanocomposites. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. A 2018 , 376 , 2112. [CrossRef] 9. Balea, A.; Blanco, A.; Negro, C. Nanocelluloses: Natural-Based Materials for Fiber-Reinforced Cement Composites. A Critical Review. Polymers 2019 , 11 , 518. [CrossRef] [PubMed] 10. Li, F.; Mascheroni, E.; Piergiovanni, L. The potential of nanocellulose in the packaging field: A review. Packag. Technol. Sci. 2015 , 28 , 475–508. [CrossRef] 11. Hoeng, F.; Denneulin, A.; Bras, J. Use of nanocellulose in printed electronics: A review. Nanoscale 2016 , 8 , 13131–13154. [CrossRef] [PubMed] 12. Jorfi, M.; Foster, E.J. Recent advances in nanocellulose for biomedical applications. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015 , 132 . [CrossRef] 13. Akampumuza, O.; Wambua, P.M.; Ahmed, A.; Li, W.; Qin, X.H. Review of the applications of biocomposites in the automotive industry. Polym. Compos. 2017 , 38 , 2553–2569. [CrossRef] 14. Balea, A.; Blanco, A.; Monte, M.C.; Merayo, N.; Negro, C. E ff ect of Bleached Eucalyptus and Pine Cellulose Nanofibers on the Physico-Mechanical Properties of Cartonboard. Bioresources 2016 , 11 , 8123–8138. [CrossRef] 15. Balea, A.; Merayo, N.; Fuente, E.; Delgado-Aguilar, M.; Mutje, P.; Blanco, A.; Negro, C. Valorization of Corn Stalk by the Production of Cellulose Nanofibers to Improve Recycled Paper Properties. Bioresources 2016 , 11 , 3416–3431. [CrossRef] 16. Delgado-Aguilar, M.; Gonzalez, I.; Pelach, M.A.; De La Fuente, E.; Negro, C.; Mutje, P. Improvement of deinked old newspaper / old magazine pulp suspensions by means of nanofibrillated cellulose addition. Cellulose 2015 , 22 , 789–802. [CrossRef]
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