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Cellulose (2019) 26:959–970
Fig. 2 a – c Logarithmic density plots of fluorescence intensity in the red spectrum (red) versus the light scattering in the forward direction (FSC) of CNCs made from the different kraft pulps. The hydrophobicity estimation of the particles from their red intensity are also plotted as normalized curves
Fig. 3 Logarithmic density plots of fluorescence intensity in the red spectrum (red) versus the light scattering in the forward direction (FSC) of a polyelectrolyte complexes consisting of
cationic starch and carboxymethyl cellulose, b CNCs made from birch kraft pulp, and c colloidal wood pitch
mixture of hydrophilic and hydrophobic components. The interactions between various hydrophilic filler particles and hydrophobic colloidal wood pitch has previously been studied in model systems by FCM analyses (Strand et al. 2013). It was shown that hydrophilic and hydrophobic populations in fact interacted with each other, and that they formed hybrid populations with intermediate hydrophobicity
values. It was also shown that the interactions were slightly diminished by steric stabilization when water- soluble hemicelluloses (galactoglucomannans) were introduced as a third component to the system. In the current study, combining the two hydrophobicity values of the sub-populations resulted in an average value of 1.91 for the birch kraft CNCs. Because of these FCM analyses of the CNCs, it was theorized that
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