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PEER-REVIEWED REVIEW ARTICLE
(Rastogi and Samyn 2015) and others. We start this review by introducing the terminology around the biobarrier field followed by a discussion on the main biobarriers, their properties, and future prospects.
Fig. 1. Some of the desirable properties of packaging materials (left) in contact with different elements (right) and to meet a number of requirements, including cost effectiveness
TERMINOLOGY Biobarrier terminology is important as far as the polymer composition and associated definitions. For example, not all biopolymers are produced from renewable biomass (Philp et al. 2013), not all bio-based polymers are biodegradable, and vice versa (Song et al. 2009). In this section, we briefly introduce the most relevant terminology. Biopolymers Along with the growing interest in biopolymers, their diversity, sources, and properties are ever expanding (Philp et al. 2013). Biopolymers can be generally considered to be (a) bio-based and biodegradable, (b) bio-based and non-biodegradable, and (c) petroleum-based and biodegradable (Fig. 2) (Philp et al. 2013; Lackner 2015; Rastogi and Samyn 2015). Traditional petroleum-based polymers are generally non- biodegradable, but there are some exceptions such as p oly(ε -caprolactone) (PCL), polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT), and poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) (Philp et al. 2013). Bio-based Polymers Bio-based polymers originate either entirely or partially from renewable biomass resources (CEN 2017; European Commission 2017). Renewable biomass resources include plants, micro-organisms, and animals (Song et al. 2009). Bio-based polymers can either be directly derived from renewable biomass resources ( e.g. , cellulose), produced by chemical synthesis where renewable monomers are used ( e.g. , PLA), or produced by micro-organisms ( e.g. , PHAs) (Weber 2000; Weber et al. 2002; Shalini and Singh 2009; Rastogi and Samyn 2015).
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Helanto et al. (2019). “ Bio-based barriers ,” B io R esources 14(2), Pg #s to be added.
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