PAPERmaking! g FROM THE PUBLISHERS OF PAPER TECHNOLOGY Volume 1, Number 1, 2015
the presence of various amino acids. This band may also be the characteristic for the presence of aliphatic methylene groups in these compounds. The weak C≡C stretching band of alkyne molecules normally occurs in the region of 2231cm − 1 . The C=O stretching at peak 1642cm − 1 was protein of amide I’s origin. Giovanela et al . [45] suggested that nitrogen bands in the IR spectrum are mostly due to the presence of amide groups. Aliphatic C-H bending was observed with the peak at 1420cm − 1 . The band at 1260cm − 1 can be assigned to the C-O stretch of carboxylic acids and to the C-N stretch of amides amide III). According to the findings of Matias et al . [46], the peaks detected around 1260cm − 1 were typical of lignin. A very strong peak detected near 1014cm − 1 was assigned to C-O stretching of polysaccharide-like substances. A sharp band at 875cm − 1 was assigned to the C-O out of plane bend of carbonates [47]. The stretching vibration assigned to the C-S linkage occurred in the region at 700 – 600cm − 1 . Meanwhile, brominated compounds appeared in the 600 – 500cm − 1 infrared band region [48].
Figure 4. The FTIR spectrum of paper mill sludge.
4. Conclusions The study demonstrated that recycled paper mill sludge has potential and can be used as a fertiliser applied for soil amendment. The application of recycled paper mill sludge to tropical acidic soils can provide substantial benefits such as neutralisation of soil acidity, increased organic matter and other essential nutrients. Composting may be a viable option for recycled paper mill sludge as it can enhance its quality, since the physical properties of paper mill sludge are practical. However, the uptake of heavy metals by crops and the fate of these heavy metals in soils should be monitored to avoid the potential for soil and water pollution. Acknowledgements This research was supported financially by the Fundamental Research Grant Scheme (FRGS) of Ministry of Education Malaysia (01-09-09-678FR).
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Article 2 – Environment (sludge)
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