PAPERmaking! g FROM THE PUBLISHERS OF PAPER TECHNOLOGY Volume 1, Number 1, 2015
Test
Paper basis weight
Tear strength
Folding strength
Smooth- ness
Breaking length
Ash content
Unit
gr/m²
mN
-
%
m
%
Test method
ISO 536:1976
ISO 1974
ISO 5626
ISO 5627
ISO 2493
ISO 2144:1997
Table 1. Tests and Standards
Antibacterial properties of handsheets were also assessed with a turbidity test, using a Spectrophotometer 6300. Culture medium (BHIB) was placed in an autoclave (15min at 121°C), and treated and untreated handsheets were sterilised in an oven (0.5g, 2h and 150°C). Sterilised papers were inserted into a tube containing sterilised culture; then 0.05mL with 0.05% concentration of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus were added separately and put into a shaker incubator (160rpm and 37°C) over one night. Controls were also run in parallel. All experiments were conducted in triplicate. Also, some pieces of paper were exposed on the solid cultures for evaluation of bacterial growth on papers by optical microscope. Statistical Analysis All results were analysed by analysis of variance, and the Duncan test was used to compare of averages. SPSS software was used for all analyses.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Ash Content
As can be seen in Figure 1, ash content was increased with increasing CPAM level at a 95% confidence level. This can be due to amine groups on cationic polyacrylamide that join well to fibre, leading to some fine flocks of the fibres and also trapping and retaining the Nanosilver particles. This finding confirmed the results of Mokhtari (2011).
Figure 1. Effect of CPAM and Nanosilver on ash content of Banknote paper
Bulk Density
Page 4 of 12
Article 3 – Hygiene (nanosilver)
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