PAPERmaking! g FROM THE PUBLISHERS OF PAPER TECHNOLOGY Volume 1, Number 1, 2015
TESTING 3D analysis of paper microstructures at the scale of fibres and bonds, C. Marulier et al , Cellulose , 22 (3). The evolution of paper microstructure parameters, such as porosity and fibre orientation, as a function of papermaking conditions, is most often studied at a macroscopic scale. However, modelling the physical and mechanical properties of papers using upscaling approaches requires understanding the deformation micro-mechanisms that are induced by papermaking operations within the structure of paper fibrous networks for individual fibres and fibre-to-fibre bonds. This is addressed here by analysing three- dimensional images of model papers obtained using X-ray microtomography. Microrobotic system for multi-rate measurement of bio-based fibres Z-directional bond strength, S.K. Latifi et al , Journal of Micro-Bio Robotics , online. The core content of this study was micro-testing of microscale objects - an emerging application area for microrobotics. This article reports an in-depth study of a measurement method for experimental evaluation of Z-directional individual fibre-fibre bond strength in multiple loading rates using microrobotics and a Polyvinylidene fluoride film microforce sensor. WASTE & ENVIRONMENT Refractory organic pollutants and toxicity in pulp and paper mill wastewaters, P.C. Lindholm-Lehto et al , Environmental Science and Pollution Research , 22 (9). This review describes medium and high molecular weight organic material found in wastewaters from pulp and paper industry; the aim being to review the pollutants and the analysis methods for their determination, including toxicity testing. Evaluation of metals in the residue of paper sludge after recovery of pulp components using an ionic liquid, J.-H. Jeong et al , Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management , online. The quantity of sludge produced by the paper industry in Japan in 2011 was estimated to be 27.91 million tons wet weight. This amount is the third largest among all industrial wastes. To explore ways of reusing recovered paper pulp and safely disposing of the residue, the authors investigated the distribution of metals in the process of recovery of pulp from two types of paper sludge using an ionic liquid. Development of green nanocomposites reinforced by cellulose nanofibers extracted from paper sludge, H. Takagi et al , Modern Physics Letters B, Condensed Matter Physics; Statistical Physics; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics , 29 (06n07). The purpose of this study was to extract the cellulose nanofibers from waste bio-resources; such as waste newspaper and paper sludge. Furthermore, in order to examine the reinforcing effect of the extracted cellulose nanofibers, fully biodegradable green nanocomposites were fabricated by composing polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) resin with the extracted cellulose nanofibers, which were then subjected to tensile tests. Water Reuse Within the Paper Industry, A. Blanco et al , chapter in The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry , Springer, 2015. Pulp and paper industry is still an intensive water consumer, although fresh water use by this sector has decreased by 90% along the last three decades. This review looks at how sustainable water management has been achieved by following the principle of water fit for use, which has mainly been developed through the optimisation of water circuits, the cascade use of water, the implementation of internal water treatments, the optimal treatment of effluents to be reused, and the use of alternative water sources, such as reclaimed water from municipal wastewater treatment plants.
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Technical Abstracts
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