PAPER making! FROM THE PUBLISHERS OF PAPER TECHNOLOGY INTERNATIONAL FROM THE PUBLISHERS OF PAPER TE Volume 7, Number 3, 2021
Crushing of Single-Walled Corrugated Board during Converting: Experimental and Numerical Study TOMASZ GARBOWSKI 1 , TOMASZ GAJEWSKI 2 , DAMIAN MRÓWCZY Ń SKI 3 & RADOSŁAW JĘ DRZEJCZAK 4 . Corrugated cardboard is an ecological material, mainly because, in addition to virgin cellulose fibers also the fibers recovered during recycling process are used in its production. However, the use of recycled fibers causes slight deterioration of the mechanical properties of the corrugated board. In addition, converting processes such as printing, die-cutting, lamination, etc. cause microdamage in the corrugated cardboard layers. In this work, the focus is precisely on the crushing of corrugated cardboard. A series of laboratory experiments were conducted, in which the different types of single-walled corrugated cardboards were pressed in a fully controlled manner to check the impact of the crush on the basic material parameters. The amount of crushing (with a precision of 10 micrometers) was controlled by a precise FEMat device, for crushing the corrugated board in the range from 10 to 70% of its original thickness. In this study, the influence of crushing on bending, twisting and shear stiffness as well as a residual thickness and edge crush resistance of corrugated board was investigated. Then, a procedure based on a numerical homogenization, taking into account a partial delamination in the corrugated layers to determine the degraded material stiffness was proposed. Finally, using the empirical-numerical method, a simplified calculation model of corrugated cardboard was derived, which satisfactorily reflects the experimental results. Contact information: 1. Department of Biosystems Engineering, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 50, 60-627 Pozna ń , Poland. 2. Institute of Structural Analysis, Poznan University of Technology, Piotrowo 5, 60-965 Pozna ń , Poland.
3. R&D Department, FEMat Sp. z o.o., Romana Maya 1, 61-371 Pozna ń , Poland. 4. Werner Kenkel Sp. z o.o., Mórkowska 3, 64-117 Krzycko Wielkie, Poland.
Energies 2021, 14, 3203. https://doi.org/10.3390/en14113203 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License
The Paper Industry Technical Association (PITA) is an independent organisation which operates for the general benefit of its members – both individual and corporate – dedicated to promoting and improving the technical and scientific knowledge of those working in the UK pulp and paper industry. Formed in 1960, it serves the Industry, both manufacturers and suppliers, by providing a forum for members to meet and network; it organises visits, conferences and training seminars that cover all aspects of papermaking science. It also publishes the prestigious journal Paper Technology International and the PITA Annual Review , both sent free to members, and a range of other technical publications which include conference proceedings and the acclaimed Essential Guide to Aqueous Coating .
Article 9 – Crushing of Corrugated Board
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