www.nature.com/scientificreports/
Figure 2. Microscopic images of tested fibrous materials.
This observation clearly indicates that initial shortening of fibres damages the fibre structure to some extent, with an effect on average fibre length. However, these are local symptoms of shortening to a certain size. The vast majority of the fibres remain intact, as in the virgin pulp. Therefore, it can be concluded that shortening of fibres can be tolerated to a certain extent if the overall change to the fibre mixture is small. An image from the sample with an initial size of 1 × 1 mm shows many damaged fibres (Fig. 3c), i.e., dis- integration into finer material. Therefore, excessive fragmentation of the fibrous material causes considerable
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ͻ Vol.:(0123456789)
(2021) 11:17528 |
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