PAPERmaking! Vol7 Nr3 2021

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Energy absorption index

Sample area Force at break index Stretch

Tensile stiffness index Roughness Air permeability

Nm/g

%

J/g

Nm/g

ml/min ml/min

mm 2

1 4 5 9

47.7 (0.8) 57.9 (1.0) 58.7 (0.9) 69.0 (0.6) 68.8 (0.5) 70.6 (0.7) 72.6 (1.1) 73.2 (1.0) 73.5 (0.3) 74.0 (0.5) 74.5 (0.7) 74.6 (0.3) 74.6 (0.3) 74.5 (0.6) 74.6 (0.9)

4.38 (0.01) 1.53 (0.07) 4.43 (0.05) 1.80 (0.05) 4.42 (0.03) 1.77 (0.04) 4.30 (0.09) 2.05 (0.04) 4.39 (0.08) 2.11 (0.03) 4.21 (0.05) 2.15 (0.04) 4.53 (0.02) 2.23 (0.05) 4.44 (0.03) 2.20 (0.03) 4.38 (0.06) 2.18 (0.02) 4.23 (0.03) 2.24 (0.03) 4.45 (0.04) 2.20 (0.05) 4.36 (0.04) 2.16 (0.01) 4.42 (0.03) 2.19 (0.02) 4.32 (0.03) 2.15 (0.07) 4.61 (0.03) 2.20 (0.04)

5116 (134) 5813 (146) 5866 (132) 5969 (118) 5963 (122) 6124 (147) 6334 (154) 6371 (139) 6384 (111) 6412 (125) 6301 (108) 6358 (111) 6294 (130) 6215 (149) 6344 (151)

230 (5) 243 (3) 251 (5) 263 (8) 269 (7) 281 (6) 290 (10) 298 (8) 301 (3) 304 (7) 321 (8) 343 (5) 339 (6) 351 (10) 344 (8)

156 (2) 256 (2) 252 (3) 527 (4) 533 (6) 629 (3) 857 (5) 876 (6) 954 (4)

10 16 25 30 36 64

1201 (10) 1315 (9) 1354 (7) 1418 (11) 1415 (13) 1421 (22)

100 150 320 400

Reference

Table 4. Mechanical properties of paper sheets produced from refined pulps. Standard deviation are given in brackets.

Figure 3. Microscopic images of paper sheets derived from ( a ) reference and ( b , c ) selected refined pulps produced from the tested fibrous materials.

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