www.nature.com/scientificreports/
Energy absorption index
Sample area Force at break index Stretch
Tensile stiffness index Roughness Air permeability
Nm/g
%
J/g
Nm/g
ml/min ml/min
mm 2
1 4 5 9
47.7 (0.8) 57.9 (1.0) 58.7 (0.9) 69.0 (0.6) 68.8 (0.5) 70.6 (0.7) 72.6 (1.1) 73.2 (1.0) 73.5 (0.3) 74.0 (0.5) 74.5 (0.7) 74.6 (0.3) 74.6 (0.3) 74.5 (0.6) 74.6 (0.9)
4.38 (0.01) 1.53 (0.07) 4.43 (0.05) 1.80 (0.05) 4.42 (0.03) 1.77 (0.04) 4.30 (0.09) 2.05 (0.04) 4.39 (0.08) 2.11 (0.03) 4.21 (0.05) 2.15 (0.04) 4.53 (0.02) 2.23 (0.05) 4.44 (0.03) 2.20 (0.03) 4.38 (0.06) 2.18 (0.02) 4.23 (0.03) 2.24 (0.03) 4.45 (0.04) 2.20 (0.05) 4.36 (0.04) 2.16 (0.01) 4.42 (0.03) 2.19 (0.02) 4.32 (0.03) 2.15 (0.07) 4.61 (0.03) 2.20 (0.04)
5116 (134) 5813 (146) 5866 (132) 5969 (118) 5963 (122) 6124 (147) 6334 (154) 6371 (139) 6384 (111) 6412 (125) 6301 (108) 6358 (111) 6294 (130) 6215 (149) 6344 (151)
230 (5) 243 (3) 251 (5) 263 (8) 269 (7) 281 (6) 290 (10) 298 (8) 301 (3) 304 (7) 321 (8) 343 (5) 339 (6) 351 (10) 344 (8)
156 (2) 256 (2) 252 (3) 527 (4) 533 (6) 629 (3) 857 (5) 876 (6) 954 (4)
10 16 25 30 36 64
1201 (10) 1315 (9) 1354 (7) 1418 (11) 1415 (13) 1421 (22)
100 150 320 400
Reference
Table 4. Mechanical properties of paper sheets produced from refined pulps. Standard deviation are given in brackets.
Figure 3. Microscopic images of paper sheets derived from ( a ) reference and ( b , c ) selected refined pulps produced from the tested fibrous materials.
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