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damage to the fibrous fraction, and hence, deteriorates the potential of this fraction, which ultimately results in less desirable paper properties. Based on the results obtained, the degree to which the shortened pieces of office waste paper can be converted into high-quality paper without any issues that reduce the value of the finished product can be predicted to a certain extent. From an ecological point of view, it is necessary to consider at the very least the issue of pulp freeness, and in turn, the energy needed for dewatering of the pulp. Excessive shortening of the paper samples worsens their dewatering capacity, as confirmed by the obtained results (Table 2). Therefore, the practice seeks to maintain a compromise and reduction of the refining range. Achieving efficiency in energy usage is consid- ered the most cost-effective way to reduce CO 2 emissions 65 . Therefore, by producing waste office paper without undue fragmentation in shredder (if data security issues need not be considered), the properties of recycled paper products can be improved and the energy consumption can be reduced concurrently. Thus, the recycling of shredded paper can be carried out in a more ecological, environmentally friendly, and economic manner. It was found in this study that the initial fibre length affects paper properties, the morphological characteristics of fibres, and the fine content of pulp, which in practice affects the cost of paper production. With other paper- making conditions held constant, paper samples produced from pulps with different initial fibre lengths showed various tensile properties. It is important to note that cutting paper into pieces with an area higher than 25 mm 2 in the shredding process does not significantly influence the properties of pulp or the tensile properties of paper made from the pulp. Cutting samples into pieces smaller than 25 mm 2 , however, causes significant changes in the most important morphological parameters of the fibres and a sharp decrease in the dynamic and static strength properties of the paper with decreasing size of the shredded paper. Such a level of cutting is therefore unprofitable from a technological and an economic point of view because it required difficult pulp-dewatering processes and thus involves increased costs. The obtained results are therefore of great practical value because they demonstrate that the method of shredding paper in the shredder determines the processing potential of this pulp and the papermaking utility of the product. These conclusions can serve as a guide on how to responsibly shred paper, as well as to efficiently recycle fibres to manage biomass consumption. The datasets generated during and/or analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request. 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