4633
journal of materials research and technology 2022;20:4630 e 4658
Fig. 4 e Particleboard import volumes in 2020 by region [2].
50 e 70% of the material cost is wood chips [25]. Therefore, it is assumed that adhesive and wood chips respectively represent 15 e 30% and 30 e 40% of the total production cost. Other pri- mary cost components such as energy, manpower, and pro- cessing cost of the particleboard represent around 15 e 20%, 5 e 20%, and25 e 30%, respectively. In contrast to Solt et al. [25], who reported that wood chips are more expensive than ad- hesive, van Dam et al. [26] reported that adhesive is slightly more expensive than wood chips. According to the authors, material costs account for 66% of total production costs, with adhesive accounting for 34% and wood resources accounting for 32%. Meanwhile, according to Klimek and Wimmer [6], wood chips are the second most expensive component after adhesive in particleboard production, accounting for roughly 20% of total production costs. The disparities could be attrib- uted to the high variability of transportation costs and culti- vated volumes. Whatever the scenario, it is undeniable that
the material cost, which includes the cost of adhesive and wood chips, frequently accounts for more than half of the total production cost. The cost of agricultural biomass is estimated to be 50% less than that of wood chips [6]. As a result, replacing wood chips with alternative, non-wood raw materials could result in significant cost savings. This study aimed to review and summarise the current state-of-the-art particleboard production using various agri- cultural biomass and wood by-products as environmentally friendly feedstocks. In this review, the agricultural biomass used for particleboard production was classified into seven different groups based on the respective plant parts derived from, i.e. straw, stalk, bagasse, seed/fruit, leaf, grass, and palms. This study compared the exploitation properties of particleboards made from agricultural biomass (keeping the division into groups), processed wood waste, and by-products divided into two density ranges.
Fig. 5 e Particleboard export volumes in 2020 e leading countries worldwide [2].
Made with FlippingBook - Online magazine maker