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journal of materials research and technology 2022;20:4630 e 4658
Fig. 17 e Modulus of elasticity (MOE) e density chart for particleboard (400 e 650kg/m 3 ) made with agricultural biomass and conventional wood.
In a separate study by I zdinsky´ et al. [181], a mixture of particles from the recycled spruce pallet and the fresh spruce log produced recycled-wood particleboard. The results showed an interesting trend which indicated that the TS and WA values of the particleboard decreased slightly below the control values with the introduction of 20% particles from the recycled spruce pallet, with a 22% and 25% reduction in TS and WA values, respectively. However, further increment of par- ticles from a recycled spruce pallet at 50% increased the TS and WA values above the control value. Similar findings were found in other studies [180,185]. The addition of recycled spruce pallet particles, on the other hand, negatively impacted the boards ' mechanical properties. The reductions observed were 32% (MOR), 23% (MOE), and 23% (IB). This result could be attributed to deteriorated or polluted wood in particleboard based on recycled spruce pallet particles, as it is well known that wood attacked by decaying fungi or aggressive chemicals has reduced mechanical properties [186]. Laskowska and Mamiski [185] also concluded that the type, amount, and quality of recycled wood particles significantly impacted particleboard properties. Despite a significant reduction in mechanical properties, all the boards produced meet the EN 312 minimum requirement of IB (0.35 N/mm 2 ) for type P2 particleboard.
6. Comparison between conventional wood- based particleboard vs agricultural and recycled wood-based particleboard Inspired by Klimek and Wimmer [6], MOR-density and MOE- density charts for particleboard made from different agricul- tural biomass and conventional wood species were drawn and are illustrated in Fig. 15, Fig. 16, Fig. 17 and Fig. 18, respectively. The charts could provide an easier visual comparison of the properties of particleboard made from various types of agri- cultural biomass and conventional wood species. As Klimek and Wimmer [6] suggested, the MOR of particleboard from agricultural biomass does not necessarily follow the trend where the MOR increased along with increasing board density. For example, soybean protein-bonded rice husk particleboard having a density of 800 kg/m 3 and castor oil-bonded macad- amia shell particleboard having a density of 987 kg/m 3 didnot meet the requirements of the P2 class in EN 312. Bagasse- based and bamboo particleboard have higher MOR compared to the other type of agricultural biomass. A similar observa- tion was obtained for MOE, as shown in Fig. 17 and Fig. 18. Irrespective of adhesive types, bagasse-based particleboard exhibited superior MOE than the other agricultural biomass.
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