PAPER making! FROM THE PUBLISHERS OF PAPER TECHNOLOGY INTERNATIONAL ® Volume 8, Number 3, 2022
This means that approximately 200 million tons of cardboard leaves the recycle chain and ends up in landfills or is being incinerated which releases the stored carbon dioxide within the material. This thesis is aiming to make use of the cardboard and paper that is being wasted every year to be upcycled into architectural building elements. There are already projects that utilize cardboard as a building material. From using recycled paper tubes as pillars, to layering sheets of cardboard into building elements. The disadvantage of these methods is that they rely on intact or newly produced cardboard instead of recycled. This paper however is exploring the method of molding with paper pulp in an architectural context. By combining shredded cardboard or paper, water and an adhesive agent the pulp can be compressed or molded into solid elements that can be used to design building elements. Three different methods of working with the pulp is further investigated in this paper: compressive molds, rammed pulp, manually applied, and printing with pulp. In addition to these production methods a variety of additives will be used in the pulp to alter its material properties. These two variables is then combined to create discrete building elements made from paper pulp. Finally, these elements are put into context through a building proposal in Gothenburg entirely made with waste cardboard and paper. NANO-SCIENCE “A Comprehensive Review of Nanocellulose Modification and Applications in Papermaking and Packaging: Challenges, Technical Solutions, and Perspectives”, Mozhgan Hashemzehi, Beko Mesic, Björn Sjöstrand & Naqvi, Muhammad, BioResources . Vol.17(2), 1-63 (2022). The increasing usage of petroleum-based compounds has prompted numerous environmental concerns. Consequently, there has been a steady rise in research on the synthesis of useful materials from natural sources. Paper technologists are seeking environmentally acceptable dry end and wet end additives. Among the bio-based resources available, nanocellulose is a popular sustainable nanomaterial additive in the paper industry because of its high strength, high oxygen barrier performance, low density, great mechanical properties, and biocompatibility. NC’s extensive hydroxyl groups provide a unique possibility to dramatically modify the hydrophilicity and charge of the surface in order to improve their potential applications in the paper industry. The current paper reviews two series of surface modifications, each with various subcategories, depending on why modified nanocellulose is added in the paper production: to improve barrier properties or to improve mechanical properties of packaging materials. The methods presented in this study use the minimum amount of chemically hazardous solvents to have the least impact on the environment. This review focuses on modifications of nanocellulose and their subsequent application in the papermaking. The knowledge and the discussion presented in this review will form a literature source for future use by various stakeholders and the sustainable paper manufacturers. “15 - Nanocellulose biocomposites in specialty papermaking” in Industrial Applications of Nanocellulose and Its Nanocomposites , Woodhead Publishing Series in Composites Science and Engineering , 353-374 (2022). Nanocellulose is growing and getting attractive since a decade ago due to its capabilities in a wide range of areas and applications. It may be derived from any lignocellulosic-based natural materials. The nano-sized parts are isolated and will be added into the pulp slurry of papermaking stock. The great benefit of nanocellulose mostly regards its mechanical reinforcement function besides useful usage which meets the needs of certain specialty papermaking. Differing from typical paper, specialty paper carries its own niche property such as water and oil repellence, magnetic responsiveness, high durability, long-lasting food packaging, and more. This chapter aims to highlight the potential and usage of nanocellulose in
Page 4 of 11
Technical Abstracts
Made with FlippingBook - Online magazine maker