224 2
$OJDO5HVHDUFK
' ' '6 ' ' . $(' 6 ' ' '' ' ' '$(''' ' $(' ' & ''' $(' '6 ' ' ' ' $(' . ' '6 ' $ 72 2 2 ' ' $ %$ % $ ( . . $ ' +$@ " ' ' ' . $(' . . ' $+ ' ' . . . '' ' ' . $* ' ' '. ' $ 72 2*2 5 6 ' (' ' +$E$(' 6 . ' '. . $1 . ' ' ' '' ' $(' ' ' ' ' . 8::9$4 ' ' . ' ' ' $$ ' $ ' ' ' 6 ' ' " $ - ' ' ' $ 1. ' $ (' %, : ; ' 5:4 %, : ;C 0# :$@<%, : ;C ' " $
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
% contribution
Post-harvest preservation (drying) Deploying, on-growth and maintenance
75%
17%
Harvesting
5% 3% 0%
Spore preparation and seeding
Collection of fertile algae
% ' 2 2 % 3 . . $
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Post-harvest preservation (drying)
Deploying, on- growth and maintenance
Harvesting
Containers for harvesting
3%
Fuel for harvesting
97%
Ropes
4% 8%
Concrete anchors Remaining materials
14% 15% 60%
Fuel for deploying seeding line
Fuel for maintenance
Transportation
4%
Electricity
96%
72 272 8 $ (' ' ' 2 % ''6 '$(' ' ' % 6 ' +$?$ '6 . ' ' . $
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
(2) Avoid drying of seawee d
(3) Reduce inputs by a factor 3
(0) US 3rd step as in experim ents
(4) Avoid precipita tion
(5) All improve ments applied
(1) EtOH instead of IPA
Drying of Na-alginate Electricity, separation
0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
Energy, alcohol recovery 5% 6% 6% 2% 0% 0% CaCl2 and HCl, separation 0% 0% 0% 0% 1% 0% Alcohol, precipitation 58% 9% 9% 2% 0% 0% NaCl 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% Electricity, US 6% 6% 6% 2% 0% 0% Electricity, extraction 1% 1% 1% 0% 1% 0% NaHCO3, extraction 2% 2% 2% 1% 2% 1% Electricity, pretreatment 1% 1% 1% 0% 1% 0% HCl, pretreatment 1% 1% 1% 0% 1% 0% Seaweed 25% 25% 1% 1% 1% 1% % ' 4 $/- = $
Base-case
US 1st step
US 3rd step
Drying of alginate
0
0
0 9 0 1 1 0 0
Precipitation
49
84
Na-alginate formation (NaCl+el)
0 0 3 0 2
0 0 5 8 3
Extraction (US)
Extraction (NaHCO3+water+el) Pretreatment (US+water) Pretreatment (HCl+water+el)
) . ' ' 4 $/- = $
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