Rajkumar, J Bioremediat Biodegrad 2016, 7:5 DOI: 10.4172/2155-6199.1000366
Journal of Bioremediation & Biodegradation
ISSN: 2155-6199
Research Article Research Article
Open Access Open Access
An Evaluation of Biological Approach for the Effluent Treatment of Paper Boards Industry - An Economic Perspective K Rajkumar* M/s Senthil Papers and Boards Private Limited, Ikkaraithathappalli Village, Sathyamangalam, Erode, Tamil Nadu, India
Abstract The environmental problems of paper board industry are not limited by the high water consumption, generate ZDVWHZDWHUVDQGVROLGZDVWHV7KLVSDSHUSUHVHQWVWKHSDSHUERDUGLQGXVWU\HIÀXHQWWUHDWPHQWSODQWFRPSRQHQWV performance and physio-chemical characteristics of wastewater and sludge. In ETP operation most important factors LVHIÀXHQWFKDUDFWHUL]DWLRQÀRZUDWHDHUDWLRQWDQNGLVVROYHGR[\JHQ '2 OHYHOPL[HGOLTXLGVXVSHQGHGVROLGV (MLSS), food to micro-organism ratio (F/M), sludge volume and chemical addition for nutrients and coagulant. 7KHZDVWHZDWHULVFKDUDFWHUL]HGE\H[WUHPHTXDQWLWLHVRIS+WRWDOGLVVROYHGVROLGV 7'6 WRWDOVXVSHQGHGVROLGV 766 ELRFKHPLFDOR[\JHQGHPDQG %2' FKHPLFDOR[\JHQGHPDQG &2' DQGWKHVROLGZDVWHIURP(73VOXGJH LVFKDUDFWHUL]HGE\6(0±(';DQG,&37KHZDVWHZDWHUVDPSOHVZHUHFROOHFWHGIURPWKHSDUWLHGRIRQHPRQWK LQÀXHQWDQGWUHDWHGHIÀXHQW$QLQÀXHQWFRQVLVWS+RI766RIPJ/7'6RIPJ/ %2'DQG&2'YDULHVPJ/DQGPJ/UHVSHFWLYHO\7KHWUHDWHGHIÀXHQWRIS+YDULHV 766 PJ/7'6 UDQJHV IURP PJ/ %2' DQG &2' UDQJHV IURP PJ/ DQG PJ/ respectively. Further solid waste in the form of sludge handled through mechanical dewatering devise (belt press). 7KH UHVXOW VKRZV WKDW WKH SHUIRUPDQFH RI HIÀXHQW WUHDWPHQW SODQW EDVHG RQ WKH SHUPLVVLEOH OLPLWV SUHVFULEHG E\ UHJXODWRU\DJHQFLHVDQGFDQEHUHF\FOHDQHQWLUHWUHDWHGHIÀXHQWLQWRWKHERDUGPDQXIDFWXULQJSURFHVV7KH¿[HG capital cost was 700 lakhs- Indian Rupees (Rs.) and annual operation and maintenance cost was estimated Rs. 180 ODNKV ZLWKRXW52SODQW 5HXVHRIWUHDWHGHIÀXHQWLQSXOSSURFHVVDQGVOXGJHLQVXQGU\ERDUGPDQXIDFWXULQJDQG composting were adopted to achieve the target of sustainable development for ecological and economical gains.
Keywords: Paper board industry; Effluent treatment plant; Zero liquid discharge; Scanning electron microscopy; Reuse and recycling; Sludge Introduction Water is an essential raw material for manufacturing of paper boards, and effluent treatment is critical part of this process. The paper boards industry is highly evaluated for effective reuse of the waste paper and for its attitude toward effective use of precious resources on earth. The waste paper once used only as paperboard has come to be used as newspaper, writing paper. The produced wastewater has detrimental impacts on the environment and poses a serious threat to the wild and human life [1]. The pulp and paper industry is ranked as the third world’s largest consumer of water and is consequently producing high amounts of wastewaters [2]. The environmental impact of pulp and paper industry is a particular concern since these units generate 150- 200 m 3 effluent/ton paper with a high pollution loading of 90-240 kg suspended solids /ton paper, 85-370 kg biochemical oxygen demand (BOD)/ton paper and 500-1100 kg chemical oxygen demand (COD)/ ton paper [3] and it is sixth largest polluter in the world (after the oil, cement, leather, textile, and steel industries) and emits a variety of gaseous, liquid, and solid wastes to the surroundings [4]. As per the Ministry of Environment and Forest (MoEF), Government of India, the pulp and paper sector is in the “Red Category” list of 85 industries having a high polluting potential CPCB (2016). Pulp and paper industry play a vital role in socio-economic development, while it is associated with significant environmental concerns due to its large footprints on environmental resources. The researchers are more focused on environmental friendly technologies for the treatment of wastewater. Therefore they use biological approach for the removal of contaminants from the effluent. There are numerous aerobic biological treatment systems available, but
*Corresponding author: K. Rajkumar, M/s Senthil Papers and Boards Private Limited, Ikkaraithathappalli Village, Sathyamangalam, Erode, Tamil Nadu, India, Tel: +919865310077; E-mail: krkenvnano@gmail.com Received July 23, 2016; Accepted August 09, 2016; Published August 10, 2016 Citation: Rajkumar K (2016) $Q(YDOXDWLRQRI%LRORJLFDO$SSURDFKIRUWKH(IÀXHQW Treatment of Paper Boards Industry - An Economic Perspective. J Bioremediat Biodegrad 7: 366. doi:10.4172/2155-6199.1000366 Copyright: © 2016 Rajkumar K , et al. This is an open-a ccess article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. the most common is the activated sludge process, which can achieve high removal efficiencies for BOD and COD [5,6]. The biological treatment process able to reduce COD, BOD, and toxic low molecular weight derivatives. Pulp and paper industry uses conventional activated sludge treatment process in which they are using nonspecific micro-organisms and they kept food/microbe (F/M) ratio low in the aeration tank. They are maintaining the effluent treatment plant with high MLSS in order to buffer the BOD, pH, wastewater composition or temperature. The manufacturing process depends upon the demand therefore the raw material changes accordingly, which in turn changes the ultimate pollution load in the wastewater. Study Area This study carried out from the M/s Senthil Papers and Boards (P) Limited, Tamil Nadu, India (Latitude- 11°29’54.13’’N and Longitude -77° 9’32.50’’E), a capacity of paper board manufacturing was 15,125 TPA (Ton/annual). A schematic overview covering the processes of main interest within this project is provided in Figure 1. The streams of wastewater originate primarily after several processes viz. secondary fiber treatment (SFT), board machines (BM) and coating chemical kitchen (CCK) is discharged as a wastewater to biological wastewater treatment plant.
J Bioremediat Biodegrad ISSN: 2155-6199 JBRBD, an open access journal
Volume 7 • Issue 5 • 1000366
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