PAPERmaking! FROM THE PUBLISHERS OF PAPER TECHNOLOGY Volume 2, Number 1, 2016
vermicomposting of paper waste using anecic earthworm Lampito mauriti . Today this is needful to treat the industrial sludge for the removal of organic and inorganic contaminants and manage it properly for the useful application; therefore, present study deals with the treatment of chlorophenols and inorganic constituents from the sludge of pulp and paper mill using Eisenia fetida further it can be applied as a compost material. Materials and methods Collection of sludge sample Dewatered secondary sludge samples of pulp and paper mill were collected from the effluent treatment plant of BILT, Unit-Shree Gopal, Yamunanagar, Haryana, India. This mill adopts kraft process for pulping of raw materials mainly eucalyptus, poplar and bamboo. The effluent and sludge generated by the process is treated in activated sludge process for the biological removal of organics. Vermicomposting set up Dewatered secondary sludge was collected in large-sized plastic containers and then brought to the laboratory for further processing. Sludge was mixed with composted material in different proportions Set up: 1 (95:5) Set up: 2 (80:20) and Set up: 3 (50:50) to maintain the moisture content and reduce the toxicity level of the secondary sludge for the adaptation of worms. Vermicomposting experiments were performed in plastic trays. No external addition of Nitrogen (N) and Phosphorus (P) was added during vermicomposting. pH, temperature and moisture were maintained in the range of 7.5 – 8.5; 27 – 30°C and 60 – 75%, respectively throughout the period of study (for 90 days). The trays were covered with a jute mat and were kept in the shed. The composted material with earthworm 1 kg was spread and mixed at the top layer. Normally (1kg worms present in 10kg dry material). Earthworm species Eisenia fetida were obtained from a stock culture of Krishi Vigyan Kendra (KVK) Tepla Ambala, Haryana an ICAR unit of Govt. of India, with decomposed cow dung spiked with plant litters. Wheat straws (WS) were used to prepare as bedding materials for the experiments. Further in another set chlorophenols degradation ability E. fetida was observed in sludge (proportion like set up: 2) with artificially spiked concentration of PCP in the sludge at the rate of 100mg/kg and mixed thoroughly in plastic trays mentioned above and inoculated E. fetida and incubated under the same condition for 3 months. The tray were covered with jute mate to maintain the pH; temperature, moisture as mentioned as before. Sludge characterization The sludge sample were analysed for physiochemical characteristic such as moisture, pH, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, sulphur, zeta potential, absorbable organic halogen (AOX) and extractable organic halogen (EOX). Two grams of sludge sample was taken and dried into oven at 105°C for 24h. The sample was then ground in mortar pestle to obtain particles having size of about 0.1mm. The dried sludge sample (10-100mg) was taken for CHNS analysis using Elemental analyzer (Thermo Scientific, USA). Zeta potential was analysed by maintaining pH of the sample to neutral and placing the sample in zeta potential analyzer, Muteck SZP06 (BTG Mutek GmbH, Germany). The AOX and EOX concentrations were determined using Euroglas Netherlands instrument ECS-2000 according to the manufacturer’s recommended procedure. Determination of chlorophenol Chlorophenols extraction and analysis was done by (NCASI (1986) method CP-85.01) method with a little modification. Secondary sludge samples were taken in ice bath and
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Article 2 – Treating Paper Mill Sludge
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