PAPERmaking! g FROM THE PUBLISHERS OF PAPER TECHNOLOGY Volume 2, Number 1, 2016
The crystallite size (d RX ) for the prepared samples was determined by measuring the broadening of a most intense peak of the phase (main peak) in a diffraction pattern associated with a certain planar reflection within the crystal unit cell according to Debye – Scherrer equation as follows: d RX = k λ/β cos Θ (1) where d RX is the crystallite size, k = 0.9 is a correction factor account for particle shapes, β is the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the most intense diffraction peak plane, λ is the wavelength of Cu target = 1.5406 Å , and Θ is the Bragg’s angle. Here in the three XRD patterns for the three samples that prepared at different conditions, the diameters of the TiO 2 nanopigments are around 6.2, 11.7, and 9.9nm for samples (a), (b) and (c), respectively. The FT-IR spectra of the prepared TiO 2 nanopigments with different methods are given in Fig. 2. Many absorption bands belong to the organic functional groups such as OH and alkane (C n H n – ) are detected. In anatase sample, a broad band in the range of 3,600 – 3,200cm -1 is observed which related to stretching hydroxyl group (O – H), representing the presence of surface water as moisture. The other peak located at 1,635cm -1 is for stretching of titanium carboxylate, which might be originated from TTIP precursor and ethanol. The presence of such peak might be due to incomplete washing process of the prepared powders. The bands between 800 and 450cm -1 are assigned to the Ti – O stretching bands and give the characteristic absorption (transmittance) peak at around 500cm -1 which is in excellent agreement with XRD results for rutile sample. Table 1 summarises the results of FT-IR analysis.
Fig. 2 FT-IR spectra of different TiO 2 nanopigments a anatase and b rutile samples
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Article 3 – Titanium Coating Pigments
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