UNDERSTANDING SPINAL CORD INJURY
When a spinal cord injury (SCI) occurs in a child or adult, it can feel overwhelming. This guide explains the medical facts and offers practical advice for those affected by a spinal injuries, their families and other loved ones. We cover what an SCI is, the terms doctors use, what to expect in the hospital, and how to plan for long-term care – all in clear language. We also outline financial and legal support in the UK.
In an incomplete injury, some signals still get through, so there is some preserved sensation or movement below the level of injury. Incomplete injuries vary widely – one person might have slight sensation, while another can move one limb. The extent of function depends on how much the cord is damaged but not fully severed.
What is a spinal cord injury (SCI)? The spinal cord is a bundle of nerves running down your back that carries messages between your brain and body. A spinal cord injury happens when these nerves are damaged. This can disrupt signals for movement, sensation, and body functions. This damage can occur even if the spinal bones (vertebrae) aren’t broken. An SCI affects more than just the ability to walk – it can impact bladder, bowel, skin, and other body systems below the injury. In short, an SCI may cause paralysis (loss of movement) and loss of feeling below the level of the injury. Complete vs. Incomplete injury Doctors often describe SCIs as complete or incomplete. In a complete injury, no signals travel past the injured area – there is no movement or feeling below the injury level.
Levels of injury and effects The spinal cord is organised into levels
corresponding to the vertebrae: cervical (neck), thoracic (upper back), lumbar (lower back), and sacral regions. The higher the injury, the more of the body is affected. Damage in the cervical (neck) region can affect arms, trunk, and legs (tetraplegia/quadriplegia). Thoracic injuries affect the trunk and legs (paraplegia). Lumbar and sacral injuries impact the legs, bowel/bladder, and sexual function, while arms and upper body remain okay.
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