Common causes of SCI Most spinal cord injuries happen suddenly due to trauma. Causes include road traffic accidents, falls, violent attacks, sports injuries, and domestic accidents. For example, a car crash or a bad fall can fracture the spine and damage the cord. Sports like diving into shallow water or rugby can also lead to SCI. Violence (such as gunshot or stab wounds) is another cause in some cases. In some cases, it can occur in a healthcare setting after surgery. There are also non-traumatic causes. Diseases or conditions like tumours, infections, or lack of blood supply to the spinal cord can damage it. About 500–600 people sustain a traumatic SCI each year in the UK, and many more have spinal fractures without cord damage. Symptoms and Effects of SCI SCI symptoms vary based on the level and severity of the injury. Possible effects include: Paralysis: Loss of movement in the legs
Treatment and Recovery Doctors use a combination of the following to diagnose a spinal injury: Neurological exams to assess movement and sensation. Imaging scans such as MRI, CT scans, and X- rays. ASIA (American Spinal Injury Association) Scale to determine the severity of the injury. Treatment focuses on stabilisation, preventing complications, and rehabilitation. Key treatments include: Surgery: To stabilise the spine and relieve pressure on the spinal cord. Rehabilitation therapy: Physical, occupational, and speech therapy to maximise independence. Medication: To manage pain, spasticity, and nerve function. Assistive devices: Wheelchairs, braces, and robotic exoskeletons.
(paraplegia) or all four limbs (tetraplegia/quadriplegia).
Bladder and bowel dysfunction: Many individuals with SCI need assistance with bladder and bowel management. Chronic pain: Nerve pain, muscle spasms, or discomfort from pressure sores. Autonomic Dysreflexia: A potentially dangerous rise in blood pressure in individuals with high-level injuries. Breathing difficulties: Injuries in the cervical spine can affect breathing and require ventilator support. Sexual function and fertility changes: SCI can affect erectile function, arousal, and fertility in men and women.
6
UNDERSTANDING SPINAL CORD INJURY
Made with FlippingBook Digital Publishing Software