Development of electrochemical Immunosensor for Detecting PCBs (polychlorinated biphenyls) in the Environment Samia Alsefri,Thanih Balbaied and Eric Moore* Sensing & Separation Group, School of Chemistry and Life Science Interface, Ireland* Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are a class of manmade chemical substances that are very harmful to humans. Due to the widespread distribution of PCBs in the environment, as well as their toxicity, which may result in major diseases in living organisms such as cancer, the development of a device for the detection of PCBs in the environment is essential. High-resolution gas chromatography with ion capture and mass spectrometric detection methods have been shown to be reliable detection technologies, but costly and time consuming. As a result, the screening of large numbers of samples has been limited and supplemental methods are required necessitating tests to determine ELISA as a feasible alternative. This laboratory research project critically reviews ELISA as a laboratory tool for the detection of PCB in Environmental samples. Also, an electrochemical immunosensor for the determination of Aroclor 1254 was fabricated. polyclonal primary anti-PCB antibodies were immobilized onto a gold screen-printed electrode with the purpose of creating an electrochemical immunosensor for the detection of Aroclor 1254. It was modified with 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid (11-MUA) and the activation of the carboxylic acid terminal was performed by cross-linking 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC) and N-hyrodsuccinmide (NHS) on the electrode surface. Cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), linear sweep voltammetry, atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and contact angle measurement were employed to characterize SAM development on the gold electrode. Using a competitive assay, a 0.09 ng/mL−1 limit of detection and a linear range of 0.101–220 ng/mL−1 were determined. The self-assembled monolayers (SAM) were successful in encapsulating the PCBs on the immunosensor. The electrochemical detection showed better resolution when compared to traditional methods such as the ELISA optical technique. The novel electrochemical immunosensor approach described here can offer rapid sample screening in a portable, disposable format and contribute to preventing PCB pollution [1]. By implementing immunoassay techniques in an application for lab-on-chip, the PCBs detection in soil will be developed with high specificity and sensitivity. References 1. Alsefri, S.; Balbaied, T.; Moore, E. Electrochemical Development of an Immunosensor for Detection Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) for Environmental Analysis. 2021 , doi:10.3390/chemosensors9110307.
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