QUARTERLY BEAT
OCTOBER 2026
Figure 6b: PSAX-pap, in M-mode, we use “anterior” and “posterior.” The left ventricular free wall is then termed “LV posterior wall” (LVPW), which we can see moving anteriorly in systole and posteriorly in diastole. (Image courtesy of Dr. Christopher Kennedy, DACVECC, DECVECC)
Figure 5: SX-heart view. AV, aortic valve, LV, left ventricle, MV, mitral valve. This view is useful for confirming pericardial effusion. It can also be used for subjective assessment of LV systolic function and in critical care echocardiography for trans-aortic velocity-time integrals via Doppler echocardiography. (Image courtesy of Dr. Christopher Kennedy, DACVECC, DECVECC) Anatomy of the image The probe emits and receives ultrasounds. It processes the ultrasounds it receives, resulting in the image that is displayed on the screen. This is the “sector.” (See Figure 6).
An orientation marker is visible on the probe and the screen (See Figures 7a and 7b).
Figure 6a: PLAX4, in 2d or B-mode, we use “near field” or “proximal” and “far field” or “distal.” (Image courtesy of Dr. Christopher Kennedy, DACVECC, DECVECC)
Figure 7a: Different probes have different orientation marker designs. (Image courtesy of Dr. Christopher Kennedy, DACVECC, DECVECC)
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