Asia’s path to a greener future

Asia’s path to a greener future

April 2020. https://gramworkx.medium.com/precision-farming- technology-infusion-in-agriculture-83b72f336b2d 29 David Fiocco, Vasanth Ganesan, Maria Garcia de la Serrana Lozano, and Hussain Sharifi. “Agtech: Breaking down the farmer adoption dilemma”. McKinsey. February 2023. https://www.mckinsey.com/ industries/agriculture/our-insights/agtech-breaking-down-the-farmer- adoption-dilemma 30 Agrivi. “Precision Farming: Everything You Need to Know”. https:// www.agrivi.com/blog/precision-farming/ 31 Alcimed. “Empowering smallholder farmers: How Asian Countries are building up their agriculture backbones”. September 2022. https://www. alcimed.com/en/alcim-articles/empowering-smallholder-farmers-how- asian-countries-are-building-up-their-agriculture-backbones/ 32 David Fiocco, Vasanth Ganesan, Maria Garcia de la Serrana Lozano, and Hussain Sharifi. “Agtech: Breaking down the farmer adoption dilemma”. McKinsey. February 2023. https://www.mckinsey.com/ industries/agriculture/our-insights/agtech-breaking-down-the-farmer- adoption-dilemma 33 Based on external investments in companies producing the technology recorded on Crunchbase. Excludes internal corporate investments. 34 Shruthi Baskaran-Makanju, Sonya Hoo, Chris Mitchell, Jim Larson, Shalini Unnikrishnan, Sushma Vasudevan, and Younès Zrikem. “The Digital Agriculture Revolution Will Take More Than Innovation”. Boston Consulting Group. July 2021. https://www.bcg.com/publications/2021/ digital-agriculture-and-development 35 Future Farming. “Yield monitoring technology to dominate precision ag market”. September 2022. https://www.futurefarming.com/smart- farming/yield-monitoring-technology-to-dominate-precision-ag-market/ 36 People’s Daily Online. “China’s agri-tech industry abuzz as agricultural drones facilitate domestic proliferation of smart farming”. July 2022. http://en.people.cn/n3/2022/0701/c90000-10117605.html 37 IEA. “Transport: Improving the sustainability of passenger and freight transport”. https://www.iea.org/topics/transport 38 Ellen MacArthur Foundation. “Climate change and a circular economy for transport”. https://ellenmacarthurfoundation.org/climate- change-and-a-circular-economy-for-transport 39 Asian Development Bank. “ADB’s Work in Sustainable Transport. Asian Development Bank”. https://www.adb.org/what-we-do/sectors/ transport/overview#urban-transport 40 IQAir. “World’s most polluted cities (historical data 2017-2021)”. https://www.iqair.com/in-en/world-most-polluted-cities 41 Asian Development Bank. “ADB’s Work in Sustainable Transport”. https://www.adb.org/what-we-do/sectors/transport/overview#urban- transport 42 Clarisa Diaz. “1 in 7 cars sold globally now is electric”. World Economic Forum. March 2023. https://www.weforum.org/ agenda/2023/03/ev-car-sales-energy-environment-gas 43 Nicolò Campagnol, Alexander Pfeiffer, and Christer Tryggestad. “Capturing the battery value-chain opportunity”. McKinsey. January 2022. https://www.mckinsey.com/~/media/mckinsey/industries/ electric%20power%20and%20natural%20gas/our%20insights/ capturing%20the%20battery%20value%20chain%20opportunity/ capturing-the-battery-value-chain-opportunity.pdf 44 Daniel Harrison. “Electric Vehicle Battery Supply Chain Analysis”. ABB. March 2021. https://new.abb.com/docs/librariesprovider89/default- document-library/automotive-battery-supply-chain-analysis-2021-final_ abb_ams---abridged-version-docx.pdf?sfvrsn=3bc9f708_2 45 U.S. Department of Energy. “Batteries for Electric Vehicles”. https://

afdc.energy.gov/vehicles/electric_batteries.html 46 Fortune Business Insights. “Electric Vehicle Battery Market Size, Share & Covid-19 Impact Analysis, By Battery Type (Lead Acid Battery, Nickel Metal Hydride, Lithium-ion battery, others), By Vehicle Type (BEV, PHEV, HEV) and Regional Forecast, 2021-28”. https://www. fortunebusinessinsights.com/industry-reports/electric-vehicle-battery- market-101700 47 Electric vehicles.in. “EVs battery types & its components, advantages & disadvantages”. December 2019. https://electricvehicles.in/evs-battery- types-its-components-advantages-disadvantages/ 48 Govind Bhutada. “Breaking Down the Cost of an EV Battery Cell”. Visual Capitalist. February 2022. https://www.visualcapitalist.com/ breaking-down-the-cost-of-an-ev-battery-cell/ 49 Innovation News Network. “Lithium prices continue to rise – LPI explains why”. January 2023. https://www.innovationnewsnetwork.com/ lithium-prices-continue-to-rise-lpi-explains-why/28852/ 50 China Briefing. “China’s Lithium-Ion Battery Industry – Overcoming Supply Chain Challenges”. November 2022. https://www.china-briefing. com/news/chinas-lithium-ion-battery-industry-overcoming-supply-chain- challenges/ 51 Amit Katwala. “The spiralling environmental cost of our lithium battery addiction”. Wired. August 2018. https://www.wired.co.uk/article/ lithium-batteries-environment-impact 52 Business and Human Rights Resource Centre. “Negative effects of lithium mining on indigenous communities in Chile & Argentina exposed by Washington Post investigation; includes company statements”. https:// www.business-humanrights.org/en/latest-news/negative-effects-of- lithium-mining-on-indigenous-communities-in-chile-argentina-exposed- by-washington-post-investigation-includes-company-statements/ 53 Chris Chilton. “Solid State Batteries Still A Decade Away, Battery Company Boss Claims”. Carscoops. November 2022. https://www. carscoops.com/2022/11/solid-state-batteries-still-a-decade-away-battery- boss-claims/ 54 Based on external investments in companies producing the technology recorded on Crunchbase. Excludes internal corporate investments. 55 Daxue Consulting. “China’s electric vehicle market, a rising global leader in EV technology”. August 2022. https://daxueconsulting.com/ electric-vehicle-market-in-china 56 U.S. Department of Energy. “Hydrogen Storage”. www.energy.gov/ eere/fuelcells/hydrogen-storage 57 IEA. “Hydrogen Supply”. September 2022. https://www.iea.org/ reports/hydrogen-supply 58 Catherine Clifford. “What is green hydrogen vs. blue hydrogen, and why it matters”. CNBC, January 6th 2022. www.cnbc.com/2022/01/06/ what-is-green-hydrogen-vs-blue-hydrogen-and-why-it-matters.html 59 Asian Business Review. “Reducing green hydrogen production costs hangs on govt support”. January 21st 2022. www.asianbusinessreview. com/event-news/reducing-green-hydrogen-production-costs-hangs- govt-support 60 Kevin Buckland. “Explainer: How hydrogen could fuel the future of automobiles”. Reuters. September 19th 2019. www.reuters.com/article/ us-autos-hydrogen-explainer-idUSKBN1W22VQ 61 Ministry of Transport Singapore. “Written Reply to Parliamentary Question on Lesson Learnt from Compressed Natural Gas Scheme for Vehicles and Plans to Use Hydrogen Fuel Cell Technology”. July 5th 2022. www.mot.gov.sg/news/details/written-reply-to-parliamentary-question- on-lesson-learnt-from-compressed-natural-gas-scheme-for-vehicles-and- plans-to-use-hydrogen-fuel-cell-technology

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