solutions) to solutions of Diophantine equations of the second order to preliminary concepts of infinitesimal calculus and mathematical analysis to spherical trigonometry and other aspects of trigonometry. Some of his findings predate similar discoveries in Europe by several centuries, and he made important contributions in terms of the systemization of current knowledge and improved methods for known solutions. The Kerala School of Astronomy and Mathematics was found in the late 14th Century by Madhava of Sangamagrama, sometimes called ‘the greatest mathematician-astronomer of medieval India’. He developed infinite series approximations for a range of trigonometric functions, including π, sine, cosine, etc. Some of his contributions to geometry and algebra and his early forms of differentiation and integration for simple functions may have been transmitted to Europe via Jesuit missionaries, and it is possible that the later European development of calculus was influenced by his work to some extent.
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