Master – Surveillance Level II AGENDA December 9 – 11, 2025 – Virgin Hotels, Las Vegas, Nevada December 9, 2025
Time
Session
8:00 - 9:00 AM
Breakfast
9:00 - 10:15 AM
Advanced Cheats and Scams Abe Martin, Casino Cryptology/ Billy David, Bo-Co-Pa & Associates
10:15 - 10:30 AM
BREAK
10:30 AM - 12:00 PM
Observing and Monitoring During a Crisis Abe Martin, Casino Cryptology/ Billy David, Bo-Co-Pa & Associates
12:00 - 1:30 PM
LUNCH (Own your own)
1:30 - 300 PM
Slots 101 Sean Mason, BMM Labs
3:00 - 3:15 PM
BREAK
3:15 - 4:30 PM
Understanding Slot System Sean Mason, BMM Labs
December 10, 2025
8:00 - 9:00 AM
Breakfast
9:00 - 10:15 AM
Organizing and Overseeing your Team(s) Abe Martin, Casino Cryptology/ Billy David, Bo-Co-Pa & Associates
10:15 - 10:30 AM
BREAK
10:30 AM - 12:00 PM
Situational Awareness for Surveillance Abe Martin, Casino Cryptology/ Billy David, Bo-Co-Pa & Associates
12:00 - 1:30 PM
LUNCH
1:30 - 300 PM
Anti Money Laundry for Surveillance Trevor Trachsel, Director of Compliance, Chinook Winds Casino Resort
3:00 - 3:15 PM
BREAK
3:15 - 4:30 PM
Following the Money: From the Eye in the Sky Trevor Trachsel, Director of Compliance, Chinook Winds Casino Resort
December 11, 2025
8:00 – 9:00 AM
Breakfast
9:00 - 10:15 AM
Skills Test Preparation Session Abe Martin, Casino Cryptology
10:15 - 10:30 AM
BREAK
10:30 AM - 12:00 PM
Skills Test Abe Martin, Casino Cryptology
12/5/25
SURVEILLANCE CERTIFICATION LEVEL II ADVANCED
CHEATS & SCAMS
Abe Martin, CFE, CSP abe@casinocryptology.com 931-CRYPTIC (279-7842) www.casinocryptology.com
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Warm-up:
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12/5/25
Case study: FBI Investigation
• NBA coach Chauncey Billups, Miami Heat guard Terry Rozier, and Damon Jones implicated. • Mafia families (Bonanno, Gambino, Genovese) involved. • High-tech cheating: pre-marked cards, hidden cameras, wireless devices. • Insider sports betting using locker room/medical info. • FBI coordinated arrests across 11 states; charges included wire fraud, money laundering, extortion.
Surveillance Level II
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• Slot machines have long been targets for mechanical and digital manipulation. • Past cheats: “stringing” coins, light wands, and magnet tricks. • Modern cheats: software tampering, insider collusion with technicians. • Nevada Gaming Control has prosecuted cases involving custom circuit boards. • Leadership focus: unusual play patterns, jackpot frequency anomalies. Slots
Surveillance Level II
4
2
12/5/25
Bingo & Keno
• Card marking or duplication scams. • Insider manipulation of draw machines. • Electronic keno tampering via software hacks. • Surveillance: monitor unusual win streaks or suspicious card similarities.
Surveillance Level II
5
Sports betting
• Bet (house rules) manipulation • Use of locker room/medical info for advantage. • Syndicate-driven “line manipulation.” • Online account fraud and identity theft. • Surveillance: track unusual betting spikes before injury announcements.
Surveillance Level II
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Off-Track Betting
• Horse racing wagers can be manipulated through timing and technology. • Past “past-posting” scams (bets after race start). • Insider collusion with tote operators. • Remote hacking of betting terminals. • Horses themselves may be manipulated.
Surveillance Level II
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• Poker attracts collusion and technological cheats. • Collusion between players (chip dumping, signaling). • Marked cards, hidden cameras, RFID chips. • Online poker bots and ghosting. • Surveillance: watch for unnatural movements and betting patterns. Poker
Surveillance Level II
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Blackjack
• Card marking and edge sorting. • Collusion with dealers (false shuffles). • Past-posting bets after outcomes. • Surveillance: monitor hand signals and chip movements.
Surveillance Level II
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• Dice games invite physical manipulation. • “Loaded” or shaved dice. • Controlled throws (“dice sliding”). • Dealer/player collusion. • Surveillance: zoom on dice throws and landing zones. Craps
Surveillance Level II
10
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Roulette
• Roulette scams exploit mechanical and dealer vulnerabilities. • Past-posting chips after ball lands. • Biased wheel exploitation. • Dealer collusion with “false spins.” • Surveillance: monitor chip placement timing.
Surveillance Level II
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Players Club
• Fake identities for multiple accounts. • Manipulation of point balances. • Card cloning and resale. • Hijacked cards/accounts. • Snowbirds (dormant accounts) will always be targets.
Surveillance Level II
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12/5/25
Money Laundering
• “Chip walking” – buy chips, cash out without play. • Structuring redemptions and/or deposits to avoid reporting thresholds. • Collusion with employees to bypass AML checks. • Surveillance: monitor minimal play with large buy- ins.
Surveillance Level II
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• Skimming cash from cash drawers or even drop boxes. • Collusion with players for payouts. • Theft of chips, cards or any variety of assets. • Misappropriation Employee Theft
Surveillance Level II
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12/5/25
Injury Claims
• Patrons may stage accidents for payouts. • Slip-and-fall scams with staged witnesses. • Use of fake medical documentation. • Surveillance: review footage for inconsistencies. • Interesting fact: Some rings specialize in casino injury claims.
Surveillance Level II
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Employee Benefits Fraud
• Fake dependents on insurance. • Disability claims with staged injuries. • Manipulation of leave time/pay • Surveillance: Collaborate with HR and conduct relevant observations. Be cautious of protected information!
Surveillance Level II
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12/5/25
Counterfeiting
• Fake bills and/or vouchers at cage exchanges. • Counterfeit chips or cheques introduced into play. • Dog-gone movie money! • Surveillance: Ensure floor personnel are using approved devices and techniques; i.e. UV scanning, pens and chip RFID audits.
Surveillance Level II
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Cyber Threats
• Account takeovers. • Phishing targeting casino employees. • Remote manipulation of slot servers. • AI-driven bots in online play. • Deepfake IDs for account fraud.
Surveillance Level II
18
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12/5/25
Best Practices
• Layered surveillance (video, IT, HR). • Cross-training supervisors. • Collaboration with regulators. • AML regulations, reporting thresholds. • Gaming commission oversight. • International cooperation.
Surveillance Level II
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Key Takeaways
Surveillance Level I
20
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12/5/25
SURVEILLANCE CERTIFICATION LEVEL II
OBSERVING RISK AREAS
Abe Martin, CFE, CSP abe@casinocryptology.com 931-CRYPTIC (279-7842) www.casinocryptology.com
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Warm-up:
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overview
Each area presents unique vulnerabilities, but the common thread is the need for vigilant, well-trained surveillance teams who can detect anomalies, recognize patterns, and respond quickly. Supervising surveillance teams is critical because observation alone is not enough. Effectiveness depends on consistency, accountability, and coordination.
Surveillance Level II
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• Monitor jackpot frequency reports for statistical anomalies • Review machine access logs for unauthorized technician entries • Use high-resolution cameras to detect physical manipulation (strings, props, magnets, etc.) • Monitor software updates and firmware changes for tampering • Flag players with repeated unusual patterns Slots
Surveillance Level II
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Bingo & Keno
• Compare winning cards for duplication or suspicious similarities • Audit draw machine maintenance logs for irregularities • Monitor electronic keno systems hardware • Track players with consistent high-value wins across sessions • Use surveillance to verify draw timing against ticket entries
Surveillance Level II
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• Monitor betting spikes before injury or roster announcements • Cross-check wagers against insider information timelines • Flag accounts with coordinated betting across multiple locations • Use analytics to detect unusual line movements tied to syndicates • Collaborate with regulators to track suspicious betting exchanges Sports betting
Surveillance Level II
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Off Track Betting
• Monitor betting spikes before injury or roster announcements • Cross-check wagers against insider information timelines • Flag accounts with coordinated betting across multiple locations • Use analytics to detect unusual line movements tied to syndicates • Collaborate with regulators to track suspicious betting exchanges
Surveillance Level II
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Poker
• Analyze betting patterns for collusion indicators (chip dumping, unnatural folds) • Use cameras to detect signaling between players • Inspect cards for markings or alterations • Monitor RFID or electronic devices near tables • Flag players with consistent chip transfers to specific partners
Surveillance Level II
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Blackjack
• Review procedures and compare to video for irregularities • Monitor chip movements for past-posting attempts • Use cameras to detect hand signals between players and dealers • Inspect cards for edge sorting or markings • Flag players with unusually high win rates against statistical norms
Surveillance Level II
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Craps
• Zoom cameras on dice throws to detect sliding or controlled tosses • Inspect dice regularly for weight or shaving anomalies • Monitor dealer handling of dice for collusion signs • Compare outcomes against expected probability distributions • Flag players consistently requesting specific dice sets
Surveillance Level II
10
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Roulette
• Monitor chip placement timing after ball lands • Audit wheels for bias or mechanical imperfections • Review dealer spins for irregularities or false spins • Use cameras to detect coordinated chip movements by groups • Audit payout logs for repeated wins on specific numbers
Surveillance Level II
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• Audit redemption activity for unusual point transfers • Flag multiple accounts tied to similar identities or addresses • Monitor employee access to loyalty systems for manipulation • Use analytics to detect rapid changes in point balances • Cross-check redemption against actual play history Players Club
Surveillance Level II
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Money Laundering
• Flag large buy-ins followed by minimal play (“chip walking”) • Monitor repeated transactions just below reporting thresholds • Audit employee activity for bypassing AML checks • Use analytics to detect structured deposits across multiple accounts • Collaborate with regulators on suspicious transaction reports
Surveillance Level II
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Employee Theft (General)
• Monitor employee access logs for unusual cage or drop box entries • Use cameras to track chip handling by staff • Audit payout records for discrepancies tied to specific employees • Flag employees frequently present during high- value transactions • Cross-check staff schedules against unusual incidents
Surveillance Level II
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Injury claims
• Review surveillance footage of alleged accidents for inconsistencies • Compare witness statements against video evidence • Flag repeat claimants across multiple incidents • Use analytics to detect staged group involvement in accidents
Surveillance Level II
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• Audit disability claims against surveillance footage of employee activity • Flag employees with repeated short-term benefit claims • Monitor time clocks and system access for unauthorized changes • Compare footage against payroll anomalies Employee benefits
Surveillance Level II
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Counterfeit currency & Cheques
• Use UV scanning for bills at cage exchanges • Audit chip RFID data for counterfeit detection • Monitor chip introduction patterns during play • Flag players cashing out chips without corresponding buy-ins • Inspect currency batches against known counterfeit markers
Surveillance Level II
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• Ensure Surveillance team’s training is robust and frequent. • Observations include awareness of network devices. • Collaborate with cybersecurity teams on: • unauthorized access attempts • accounts with multiple failed login attempts • unusual patterns • slot server integrity Cyber threats
Surveillance Level II
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Key Takeaways
Surveillance Level II
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Online Accounting System Basics
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What are we discussing today?
•What is an Accounting\Player Tracking system •Monitoring and control systems
•Ticket validation systems •Player tracking systems
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Online Accounting System
What is an Online Accounting and Player Tracking System?
• It is a Casino Management System (CMS) used by casinos to manage: • Financial transactions : Tracks revenue, payouts, and reconciliations in real time. • Player activity : Monitors gaming behavior, loyalty points, and promotional offers.
• Integrates with slot machines, table games, and back-office systems for seamless data flow. • Provides real-time dashboards for Gaming operations and marketing departments.
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Online Accounting System
Why It’s Critical for Casinos • Accuracy & Transparency
• Eliminates manual errors in accounting. • Ensures precise tracking of player activity and financial data. • Regulatory Compliance • Meets gaming commission standards. • Maintains audit trails for anti-money laundering (AML) and tax reporting. • Operational Efficiency • Player Engagement • Enables personalized promotions based on tracked behavior. • Improves loyalty program management. • Security • Uses encryption and role-based access to protect sensitive financial and player data. • Automates reporting and reconciliation. • Reduces time spent on manual processes.
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Online Accounting System
Key Features: Real-Time Financial Reporting • Tracks slot and table game revenue instantly. • Provides dashboards for daily, weekly, and monthly performance. Player Activity Monitoring • Records play duration, bet amounts, and game preferences. • Tracks loyalty points and tier status for rewards programs. Integration with Gaming Devices • Connects to slot machines and table games for seamless data flow. • Supports Ticket-In/Ticket-Out (TITO) and cashless transactions. Automated Reconciliation • Matches machine meters with accounting records. • Reduces manual errors and speeds up audits. Regulatory Compliance • Generates reports for gaming commissions. • Maintains audit trails for anti-money laundering (AML) and tax compliance.
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Online Accounting System
Data Security • Encryption for sensitive financial and player data. • Role-based access control to prevent unauthorized use. Marketing & Loyalty Tools • Enables targeted promotions based on player behavior. • Tracks campaign effectiveness and ROI. Scalability & Cloud Access • Supports multiple properties and remote access. • Cloud-based architecture for flexibility and disaster recovery. Analytics & Insights • Provides trend analysis for revenue and player engagement. • AI-driven recommendations for marketing and floor optimization. Mobile & Web Access • Allows managers to view reports and player data on the go. • Improves operational efficiency.
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Online Accounting System
Regulatory Compliance Anti-Money Laundering (AML) Compliance • Online systems automatically monitor and record all financial transactions, making it easier to detect suspicious patterns. • They generate reports required by agencies like FinCEN and other regulators to prevent illicit financial flows. Know Your Customer (KYC) & Identity Verification • Player tracking systems integrate ID verification and biometrics to ensure compliance with KYC regulations. • This helps prevent underage gambling and identity fraud. Real-Time Monitoring for Responsible Gaming • Advanced analytics track player behavior in real time, identifying signs of problem gambling. • Enables timely interventions to meet responsible gaming obligations mandated by regulators. Accurate Tax Reporting • Systems automatically record winnings and losses, ensuring compliance with IRS reporting thresholds (e.g., W-2G forms for jackpots). • Reduces risk of errors and penalties. Audit Trails & Transparency • Creates detailed logs of all transactions and player activities. • Facilitates audits by gaming commissions and financial authorities, reducing compliance risk.
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Online Accounting System
How does the system and the game communicate? Slot Accounting System (SAS) protocol is a communication standard used in casinos to connect EGMs with the CMS. What is SAS? • SAS (Slot Accounting System) is a protocol developed by IGT (International Game Technology). • It allows slot machines to communicate with back-end systems for accounting, player tracking, and regulatory reporting .
How SAS Communicates • Each slot machine has a SAS interface board that connects to the casino’s network. • Communication occurs via serial or Ethernet connections , using predefined SAS commands. • The protocol transmits meter data, events, and player information in real time.
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SAS Continued
Key Functions in Online Accounting • Meter Reporting: SAS sends data like coin-in, coin-out, jackpots, and credits to the accounting system.
• Event Notifications: Reports machine status changes (e.g., door open, tilt, handpay). • Progressive Jackpot Updates: Communicates jackpot contributions and wins. Player Tracking Integration • When a player inserts a loyalty card, SAS transmits: • Player ID • Session data (time played, wagers, points earned) • This enables real-time comp calculation and personalized offers. Security & Compliance • SAS ensures secure, auditable communication for regulatory compliance. • Provides accurate logs for gaming commissions and tax reporting.
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SAS Continued
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Online Accounting System
Loyalty Cards
Flow: • Player inserts loyalty card → Slot machine identifies player. • Slot machine sends data via SAS → Includes meters, events, and player info. • Casino network processes SAS commands → Routes data securely. • Online accounting system logs financial data → For audits and compliance. • Player tracking system logs session info → For loyalty and responsible gaming. • Data stored for compliance & reporting → Accessible for regulators and internal audits.
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Online Accounting System
What does the future hold for Casino Management Systems?
Cloud-Based & Centralized Systems • Casinos will increasingly adopt cloud solutions for scalability, real-time updates, and remote access. • Centralized platforms will allow multi-property operators to manage accounting and player data seamlessly.
AI & Predictive Analytics • Artificial Intelligence will analyze player behavior to predict trends, optimize game placement, and personalize offers. • Predictive models will help identify high-value players and detect fraud or unusual activity faster. Real-Time Dashboards & Automation • Management will have real-time dashboards for financial performance and player engagement. • Automated alerts for anomalies, jackpot hits, and compliance breaches will reduce human error. Mobile Integration • Player tracking will extend beyond physical casinos to online gaming platforms , creating a unified experience. • Mobile apps will allow players to view loyalty points, promotions, and transaction history instantly.
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Online Accounting System
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Slots 101
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What are we discussing today?
• History of Slot Machines • Introduction to EGMs
• EGM Hardware Overview • EGM Software Overview • Metering • Random Number Generators • Introduction to PAR Sheets and Game Mathematics
• Progressive Games • Security / Integrity • Future Trends
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It was a simpler time…
• 1880’s – Sittman and Pitt (Brooklyn, NY) invented the first coin-operated gambling machine based on poker; with 5 drums displaying 50 playing cards. Prizes were bar products: beer, cigars, drinks, etc.. • 1895 – Charles Fey (SF, CA) invents the “one-armed bandit” with only 3 reels with 5 symbols: horseshoes, diamonds, spades, hearts and a Liberty Bell. It was called the Liberty Bell. This machine simplified how to see a winning spin, and the machine was capable of dispensing prizes automatically. It was such a success that he quit his full-time job.
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Technology moves on…
• 1909 – Herbert Stephen Mill (Chicago, Illinois) manufactured an improved version of Fey’s Liberty Bell, which was smaller, and had 10 more symbols on each reel. • 1964 – Bally developed the first fully electromechanical slot machine called “Money Honey”. The machine used electronic parts and included sounds, lights, option to bet multiple coins and a hopper to hold coins. The electronic parts made it more difficult to cheat, and could provide larger jackpots because of more sophisticated reel games.
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Video & Poker…
• 1975 – Walter Fraley invents Fortune Coin, the first video slot machine. It was not successful because players didn’t trust the virtual reels. • 1979 – Si Redd, founder of IGT, leaves Bally Manufacturing on friendly terms to produce a “video poker” machine. He even had an agreement with Bally that they would not enter the video market.
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Then everything changed…
• 1984 – Inge Telnaes invents the Virtual Reel Strip mapping to physical reel strips, thus enabling mechanical EGMs to be used with RNGs. This leads to the significantly larger jackpots. • Inge Telnaes proposed a simple solution: Let a random number generator — a computer chip — determine the combination of symbols that appear when the reels stop. • In other words, use a chip to control where the reels stop on a spin, but create the illusion that the wheels stopped on their own.
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Electronic Gaming Machines
Gaming in the US is usually categorized into the follow key areas: Class II Gaming Systems • Manufacturers such as VGT, AGS, Ainsworth and others • Games of Bingo where Bingo patterns and ball draws determine the outcome and prizes • Critical software, such as the RNG, resides on the server Class III Electronic Gaming Machines (EGMs) • Manufacturers such as IGT, Aristocrat, Sci Games and others • Critical game software often resides in the EGM itself. Server Based games allow for operation similar to Class II • Awards are based on primary displays, such as reel strips or cards, and determined by an RNG Physical and Electronic Table Games
• Gaming is communal in nature, and typically requires a dealer • Examples include Blackjack, Roulette, Baccarat, Poker, etc.
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Sweepstakes
• Gambling: Consideration, Risk, Reward • No purchase necessary • Could outcome shown before wager make it a game of skill? • AGA summary, “Carefully designed to take advantage of state sweepstakes laws and to avoid state anti-gambling
laws and gambling licensing restrictions.” • Games closely mimic slots, poker, keno… • Estimated to be a $10 billion/year industry
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External
Tower Light (AKA Candle): Denotes the state of the EGM. Helpful to Security/Surveillance
Top Box : Relevant artwork (may be an animated LCD)
Main Game Screen : All game outcomes will be displayed here. Usually a touch-screen LCD for Video platforms
Game Speakers
Bezel for Bill Validator opening
Help Button: toggles tower light on/off
Opening for Card Reader
Opening for Ticket Printer
Print or Cash Out Button: Prints ticket through the ticket printer
Spin and Max Bet Button: Give player option to wager a max bet, and to start and stop reels
Lines/Credits Button: Gives player option of how much to wager
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Internal
Logic Board
Bill Validator/Cashbox
Hopper (Legacy Part)
Lock and Keys
Ticket Printer (not pictured)
Door Switch
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Key Terminology
• Bill Acceptor - A bill acceptor/validator is an optional device which accepts valid paper bills, tickets or vouchers and causes the host machine to either issue credits, dispense change, tickets or vouchers. • Button Board - located on the EGM and has all of the physical or virtual buttons needed for the player to interact with the machine. Most EGMs feature the Help, Cash-out, Max Bet, Wager per line, and line selection buttons. • Card Reader - Device which accepts player cards or technician cards. Usually works in conjunction with a player tracking system. Not required in all jurisdictions. • SMIB Board - contains embedded circuits and an attached collection of integrated circuits. Interfaces the CPU with the peripherals of the gaming device. • Coin Hopper (Legacy Peripheral) : a self replenishing payout device. The hopper was designed to keep an impress balance of coins or tokens and, when full, activated a diverter to send coins to the drop area under the slot machine. The hopper was a constant target for slot cheats and, with the advent of high denomination games, resulted in millions of dollars of losses over the years. The invention of Ticket-in, Ticket-out (vouchers) technology placed the hopper mechanism into the history pages.
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Key Terminology
• Door Switch – located inside the EGM and triggers security alarms when specific doors are open. • Hard Meters – mechanical meters that start at ‘0’ and accumulate over the life of the machine. Typically not used with online system configurations. • Monitor (LCD) – display device similar to a TV screen to show virtual reels, cards, balls, etc. • Mechanical Reels – Electric motors used to spin a wheel mechanism holding a reel strip. • Peripherals – A hardware device connected to a computer or a computerized machine such as an EGM. Examples are: a printer, a bill acceptor, a hopper, etc. • Printer – device for printing EGM information on paper for cash vouchers, Back-office information, Diagnostics. Dot Matrix Printers and Thermal printers. • Slot Handle – Optional accessory located on the right side of a slot machine that activates the spinning of reels, either video or electro-mechanical. • Tower Light/Candle – light fixture attached to the top of the machine that illuminates to indicate various machine modes and game conditions. Most lights have two or more ‘stages’ stacked vertically. Important to notify floor attendants and security of significant issues. Color of the candle may indicate denomination.
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Software Components
Back Office or Utility Menu : embedded program within the EGM software that controls various options and diagnostics. Menu options include:
• Troubleshoot/Adjust Peripheral settings.
• Software Setting Options for: Game Options, Volume, Date & Time, Attract Mode Timer, Currency Settings, Credit Display, Credit/Bill Limits, Payout Method(s).
• Logs for: Banking, Protocol, Metering, History and Errors
• Protocol Screen: allows technician to configure communication protocols for various features and data exchange.
• EGM Security: Tamper resistant, all chips have identifications and signature validation.
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Math
Random Number Generator (RNG) • The RNG is the core of slot fairness. • It generates thousands of random numbers per second. • Each spin outcome is determined by the RNG at the moment you press “Spin.” • Ensures independent results —previous spins do not affect future spins.
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Random Number Generator (RNG)
• The RNG or R andom N umber G enerator is responsible for generating random number values that make it humanly impossible to predict the next outcome on an EGM.
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Slot Basics
Why Math Matters • Return to Player (RTP) : Theoretical percentage of wagers returned to players over time. • Theoretical Hold : Casino’s expected profit margin (100% – RTP). • Volatility : How often and how big wins occur. • Hit Frequency : Probability of any win per spin. • Math ensures: • Game fairness • Regulatory compliance • Predictable profitability for casinos
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Theoretical Hold
What is Theoretical Hold? • Theoretical Hold is the percentage of wagers that the game is designed to keep over its lifetime. • It is the complement of RTP (Return to Player): Theoremcal Hold =100%− Theore*cal RTP Formula • If a game has a theoretical RTP of 92% , then: Theoremcal Hold = 100% − 92% = 8% • This means the machine is expected to keep 8% of all wagers over the long term.
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Why is Slot Math important?
Jurisdictional Requirements for RTP • Minimum Payout Standard: Each slot machine must theoretically return at least 80% of all wagers to players over the expected lifetime of the game. • This calculation applies only to the base game . • External features such as progressive jackpots, bonus systems, or other external awards are not included in the RTP percentage. • Merchandise and Non-Cash Items: • The minimum payout calculation excludes the cash equivalent value of merchandise or other items that cannot be converted into cash by the gaming establishment. • However, the acquisition cost of these items to the gaming licensee may be included in the payout percentage. • Why This Matters: This rule ensures fairness and transparency by guaranteeing a minimum return to players while clarifying what counts toward RTP. It prevents inflating RTP with external prizes or non-cash items that players cannot redeem for money.
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Other Requirements
Game Volatility Explained • Definition: Game volatility describes how often and how large prizes are paid out, based on the game’s hit table (the distribution of winning combinations). • Low Volatility: • Frequent payouts of smaller prizes . • Creates a steady, predictable experience for players. • High Volatility:
• Less frequent payouts, but larger prizes when they occur. • Gameplay feels more erratic and high-risk/high-reward.
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Volatility
• Changeability, or the likelihood that abrupt changes can occur • Allows for a measure of how long it will take before the actual return percentage of a game in the field will be close to the theoretical return percentage • As the number of games played increases, the actual hold will start to converge to the theoretical hold
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Volatility Spreadsheet
Slot Machine Volatility is a measure used to describe the risk and payout behavior of a slot machine. It indicates how much the actual results can deviate from the expected Return to Player (RTP) over short and long-term play
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PAR Sheets
• What purpose do P ay-table a nd R eel-Strip ( PAR ) Sheets serve?
• Game Numerical Analysis Summary • Return To Player Percentage (RTP%) • Volatility • Odds for prizes/awards • Hit Frequency
• Display Information • Prize Pattern Information (for Class II games) • Reel Strip Information (for Compacted games) • Game Rules (advertised game rules, etc.) • Bonus Feature Description/Mathematics (if applicable) • Free Games • Bonus Games • Progressive Information (if applicable)
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Class II Par Sheets
• Instant Bingo • Lotto/Pull-tab • Bonanza Bingo
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EGM Par Sheets
Game Rules
- All pays left to right
- Highest winner per line paid
- Blank symbols do not pay
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EGM Par Sheets and Calculations
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Bonus Information
• WHAT MIGHT A BONUS FEATURE CONSIST OF?
• Bonus Features are usually categorized into the following three areas, with many manufacturers use combinations of them:
• Bonus Game(s): Separate set of events that are contained in their own cycle, but triggered by a combination in the main game. Typical examples: • Pick X winners out of Y total choices to win • Computer assigned random award(s) (Wheel of Fortune ® ) • A combination of picks and random awards
• Free Game(s): A set of plays that are started and completed automatically. The number of free spins are usually pre- designated, but some game designs allow for the patron to pick X free games from a set of Y choices.
• Mystery Bonus: An event unknown to the player is triggered randomly to pay an award (either progressive or not)
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Internal Security Threats
CASINO EMPLOYEES NABBED IN ONTARIO STING Updated Fri. May. 25 2007 1:02 PM ET - CTV.ca News Staff
Three employees of Ontario's Casino Rama are among 15 people arrested for alleged involvement in a major international casino scam that pulled in more than $2 million in the province alone.
The sting, which is being called the largest of its kind in recent memory, involved baccarat. Rama is the only Canadian casino involved in the scam.
"This offence included the recruitment of casino dealers to predetermine the outcome of card games. Ontario financial losses are being assessed but are expected to exceed $2 million," states the release.
U.S. authorities have said the scheme targeted 18 gaming locations in Canada, California, Nevada, Mississippi, Louisiana, Washington state, Indiana and Connecticut. It allegedly pulled in US$3.3 million from American casinos.
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Progressives
• There are three primary types of progressive slots: • Standalone progressive slots, also known as standalone progressive slot machines, are the original type. In this case, bets placed on a specific machine contribute to the growing jackpot. These slots usually have smaller jackpots compared to other types, as the prize pool is limited to one machine. • Local progressive slots , also known as in-house progressives, are connected within the same casino or gaming network. This means that bets placed on multiple slot machines within the same casino contribute to the jackpot, resulting in larger prize pools. • Wide-area network progressives , on the other hand, are linked across multiple casinos. These slots offer the highest potential payouts, as the jackpot grows with each bet placed on the participating machines across several casinos.
Pictured here is an Overhead Progressive Meter. Most games typically have an in-game and an overhead meter.
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Progressives
• Other types of progressive slots: • Mystery Progressive award(s): These are triggered by an event independent of any game combinations (for example, E-Bonuses randomly triggers by an in-house system) • Multi Level Progressives : Multi-level progressive slots have gained in popularity because the jackpots hit frequently.
Pictured here is an Overhead MLP (Multi Level Progressive) Meter.
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Common Reports
• Total Win/ Revenue Report EGM : summarizes the amount of money put into the EGM and the amount won/cashed out of EGM. This report is useful in determining profit vs. loss, and whether the operator wants to “tighten” (lower RTP) or “loosen” (higher RTP) the EGM • Drop Comparison : Reports for each type of medium (coins, bills, tickets) with amounts dropped and percent variances for each medium. All physical mediums must be reconciled with the auditing reports. If there is a difference, it should be investigated and reporting accordingly. The reconciliation process is integral in determining whether the variances are just trivial accounting anomalies, or whether they are signs of a major issue on the floor. • Theoretical Payouts Vs. Actual Payouts Comparison : used to confirm the game is paying according to the manufacturers specifications. The actual payouts will fall within ranges specified on the PAR sheet. The larger the number of plays, the smaller this range will become (remember volatility!) • Significant Event Logs : these logs Identify all accesses to the machine. If MEAL (Machine Entry Authorization Log) books are used, the number of door open events should correspond with the number of entries
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EGM Security
• Security : allows Casinos and jurisdictions to monitor player activity and to ensure that game integrity is preserved throughout the gaming floor. Adequate internal controls should be in place to ensure that any changes made to affect the integrity of the gaming floor involve at least two different departments (for example: Logic door access should involve Slot Operations and Security/Surveillance Departments). The following affect EGM security: • Shared Jurisdictional regulations : no external mechanism (DIP switches, jumpers) that can affect the outcome of play. • EGM must not have any configurable settings that are not certified by the designated body and approved by the relevant authority. • All game parameters, game details, and game statistics should be detailed in Game Detail Sheet. • Ram Reset : Clears meters and other areas of electronically stored data. Can only be performed once the logic area is accessed. The default reel position after Ram clear should not be a winning combination. • Detection of Communication Errors : critical data information such as credits, metering information, and game outcome should have error checking on transfer.
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Future Trends
• Server Based Gaming : The RNGs and game libraries will reside on servers that house the game library as well, and games will be played via “dummy” player terminals. When this is implemented, Class II will only differ from Class III EGMs in that Class II are based on bingo or games similar to bingo, such as lottery draws. • Downloadable Gaming : Entire game packages can be downloaded to the player terminal so that the player can enjoy their favorite themes. The jury is still out on whether the RNG will reside on the terminal or on the server • Mobile Gaming : Players can walk around the gaming floor, or areas designated within the casino (including their hotel room) by taking the gaming devices with them.
• Emerging Technologies: With technologies such as Microsoft’s “Surface” table technology (involved in a partnership with IGT), the future of EGMs will not only bring the latest and greatest technologies to the gaming floor but will also present challenges on effective regulation of such technologies. • Skill Games: Games where the player’s skill and ability will have a greater effect on return. • iGaming: Simply put, iGaming is any kind of online betting that wagers on the future outcome of a game or event. Sports betting, online casinos, poker, and eSports all fall under the iGaming definition. The online gambling market is worth an estimated $66.7 billion per year when you factor in every available market.
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Thank you
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Organizing and Overseeing Your Teams?
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Philosophy for this session “To Thy Self Be True”
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Who do we lead anyhow?
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Tribal leadership:
´ Tribal Council/Executive Council ´ Tribal General Membership ´ Tribal Business Leaders (Casino Management Included)
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Surveillance Leadership
´ Your Peers (Surveillance Professionals) ´ Executive Director (if applicable) ´ Casino Management ´ Licensingnce (if applicable) ´ Others?
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Federal organizations
´ National Indian Gaming Commission ´ Department of the Interior ´ FBI ´ Homeland Security ´ Bureau of Indian Affairs ´ IRS ´ Others?
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General tribal public and the public
General Public ´ Public who enjoy the property ´ Public who “watch” Tribal employees ´ Public who work in the casino/TGRA
Tribal Members ´ Tribal members who enjoy the property ´ Tribal members who “watch” Tribal employees ´ Tribal members who work in the casino/TGRA
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Who else? Your community? Your family?
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You are the regulatory and industry leader for the Surveillance Industry, no matter what your position is.
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Be willing to embrace your role as a leader…
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If you was to give a new Surveillance Professional advice on the position, what would it be? And why that piece of advice?
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Leadership For Surveillance Professionals ´ discussion
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Keep in mind
Everyone can be a leader: False
Leaders deliver results: Not always
People who get to the top are leaders: Not always
Leaders are great coaches: Rarely
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Who was one of your favorite leaders?
´ Willing to share why you believed in them? ´ Has your appreciation for leadership changed as time has gone on?
´ Professional/Work ´ Home
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Who was one of your least favorite leaders? NO NAMES
´ Willing to share why they were your least favorite leader? No Names Please
´ Professional/Work ´ Home
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Remember: Leaders do the following
´ Leaders maintain a positive attitude
´ Leaders better their environment
´ They build the next generation of leaders
´ They know their team and themselves well
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According to Peter Economy, also known as "The Leadership Guy," says leaders also practice:
´ Decisiveness ´ Awareness ´ Focus ´ Accountability ´ Empathy ´ Confidence ´ Optimism ´ Honesty ´ Inspiration
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“Natural Born leader” I wish!
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In an article David R and William T stated: “Most developmental psychologists agree what differentiates leaders is not so much their philosophy of leadership, their personality, or their style of management. Rather, it’s their internal “action logic” (how they interpret their surroundings and react when their power or safety is challenged. Relatively few leaders, however, try to understand their own action logic, and fewer still have explored the possibility of changing it.”
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Action logic
´ How you interpret your own and other’s behaviors and how they maintain power or protect against threats.
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According to Denise DeLuca there are 12 Characteristics of Natural Leaders ´ A natural leader doesn’t necessarily intend to lead; others simply feel naturally compelled to follow . (Or put another way: A natural leader doesn’t lead, he or she just is, and others just naturally follow.) ´ A natural leader is inspired and inspiring , and often inspiring others to, themselves, be inspiring. ´ A natural leader is the heart , rather than the head, of an organization, radiating both passion and love.
´ A natural leader encourages rather than directs. ´ A natural leader enables rather than the controls.
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According to Denise DeLuca there are 12 Characteristics of Natural Leaders ´ A natural leader holds a deep and dynamic vision , rather than authority. ´ A natural leader empowers rather than rewards. ´ A natural leader is not a natural follower . ´ A natural leader is confident , but not egotistical. ´ A natural leader doesn’t dwell on problems , but rather is driven towards positive outcomes. ´ A natural leader is independent and yet inclusive. ´ A natural leader is a dreamer and a doer .
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Coercive Leadership Leaders demand immediate compliance
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Authoritative Leadership
Leaders mobilize people toward a vision
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Affiliative leadership ´ Leaders create emotional bonds and harmony
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Democratic leadership ´ Leaders build consensus through participation
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Pacesetting leadership
´ Leaders expect excellence and self- direction
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Coaching leadership
Leaders develop people for the future
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Bureaucratic leadership
´ Leaders who focus on following every rule
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Charismatic leadership
Leader who inspire enthusiasm in their teams and are energetic in motivating others to move forward
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Servant leadership,
Leader who focuses on meeting the needs of the team.
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Transactional leadership
Leaders who inspire by expecting the best from everyone and themselves
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Transformational Leader
´ Internal motivation and self-management ´ The ability to make difficult decisions ´ Check their ego ´ Willing to take the right risks ´ Organizational consciousness ´ Adaptability ´ Willing to listen and entertain new ideas
´ Inspiration ´ Proactive ´ Visionary
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What kind of leader am I?
´ Discussion: Write It Down, anyone willing to share it?
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Sooooo….
´ Natural Born Leader ´ Coercive Leadership ´ Authoritative Leadership ´ Affiliative leadership ´ Democratic leadership ´ Pacesetting leadership ´ Coaching leadership ´ Bureaucratic leadership ´ Charismatic leadership ´ Transformational Leader
What kind of leader are you?
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What leadership style is best?
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Leadership styles or approaches may very and depend on the situation, individuals and outcome desired.
Ultimately, we want to learn different styles, identify our weaknesses and continue to grow in our leadership position. Become an authentic leader! This benefits not only us but those who we lead.
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Authentic leaders need ask themselves the following questions: 1. Which people and experiences in your early life had the greatest impact on you? 2. What tools do you use to become self-aware? (what is your authentic self? Who is the real me?) 3. What are your most deeply held values? (Where did they come from? Have then changed throughout life? How do your values inform you actions?) 4. What motivates you extrinsically? (external rewards or things that motivates you to keep your job) 5. What kind of support team do you have? (can your support team make you a more authentic leader? Should you diversify your team?) 6. Is your life integrated? (Can you be the same person at work, home, with family and in the community?) 7. What does being authentic mean in your life? (Have you paid the price for being authentic? Was it worth it?) 8. What steps can you take today, tomorrow, and over the next year to develop authentic leadership?
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What kind of leader do those I lead think I am?
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Ask yourself: Why would anyone follow me as a leader?
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