Materials chemistry poster symposium 2023 3 November 2023, London, UK
3 November 2023, London, UK Materials chemistry poster symposium 2023
Book of Abstracts
Registered charity number: 207890
Welcome
Dear Colleagues, Welcome to the 2023 Materials Chemistry Community Poster Symposium, designed to celebrate the breadth and strength of materials chemistry research by researchers in the early stages of their careers. We hope you enjoy the day and take advantage of the opportunities to network and learn about the best in materials chemistry research. The presenters of two posters, selected by our panel of judges, will receive free registration to the 17th International Conference in Materials Chemistry (MC17) in 2025. The International Conference in Materials Chemistry is the Materials Chemistry Community’s flagship event which this year celebrated its thirtieth anniversary with a highly successful meeting in Dublin. Participants today will also be able to vote for their favourite poster, which will win a prize, sponsored by the Journal of Materials Chemistry, of a gift voucher for an RSC Materials Science book. We are delighted to have such a wide range of delegates here today from across the materials chemistry community. This meeting would not be possible without the enthusiastic support of all of the delegates, the organising committee, the prize judges and the careers panellists who have given up their time to join us today, and I wish to offer them my thanks. It only remains for me to welcome you once again, to thank you all for travelling here, and to wish you an enjoyable and stimulating time at the symposium. Magda Titirici President, Materials Chemistry Community
Dear Colleagues, On behalf of myself and the entire organising committee, I am delighted to welcome you all to the fifth Materials Chemistry Poster Symposium. We have some fantastic science on display here today, and I look forward to meeting and sharing the day with you all. I am delighted that our guests today include Royal Society of Chemistry prize winners, including: Serena Cussen, Andrew Beale and Ludmilla Steier. I am pleased today to welcome our prize judges Neil Robertson, Ana Sobrido, Ben Xu, Robert Dawson, Rachel Respo-Otero and Dami Taiwo. I am also pleased to welcome Magda Titirici, Aline Miller, Ashley Mitchnison, Serena Cussen and Selina Ambrose to the meeting today to participate in the careers panel. I look forward to hearing more from them throughout the day. Thank you all for joining and participating in the event today, I hope that you all have a fantastic day at the Materials Chemistry Poster Symposium. Petra Ágota Szilágyi Chair, Materials Chemistry Poster Symposium Organising Committee
Meeting Information
The Materials Chemistry poster symposium is organised by the Materials Chemistry Community. This book contains abstracts of the 50 posters presented at the symposium All abstracts are produced directly from typescripts supplied by authors. Copyright reserved. Posters Posters have been numbered consecutively: P01-P49 Poster prizes Our judges will recognise the two best posters, who will win free registration to the 17th International conference on materials chemistry (MC17). You can also vote for your favourite poster, which will win a prize, sponsored by the Journal of Materials Chemistry, of a gift voucher of £200 to be applied against RSC Materials Science book. Flash poster presentations These will take place in the library on the 1st Floor Posters Will be on display in the Science and Fish Rooms (ground floor) Career Panel Discussion This will take place in the library. Invited speakers from industry and academia will give a brief overview of their careers to date, followed by a panel discussion and a short question and answer session led by members of the RSC Careers Team. Career Consultations For those that have booked an appointment they will take place in the Hinshelwood Room (1st floor). If you would like the opportunity to have a 15 minute consultation with a qualified career and professional development adviser for the Royal Society of Chemistry please check with the registration desk if there are any appointments available. Catering Refreshments and lunch will be served in the Science and Fish room (ground floor), the drinks reception at the end of the day will be held in the Council room (1st floor) Wi-Fi Access Network – RSC_Guest_Temp Password – platinum-794 Sponsors We would like to thank Epivalence for their generous sponsorship of the Symposium.
We would like to thank Journal of Materials Chemistry A, B &C for sponsoring a poster prize
Materials Chemistry at the Royal Society of Chemistry The Materials Chemistry Community is one of seven Subject Communities of the Royal Society of Chemistry which its members can join. The Materials Chemistry Community is comprised of over 8000 members from all over the world, from academia and industry and represent all career stages. The community is led by a council elected by the membership and appointed by the council and related interest groups to represent the entire materials chemistry community. Our aims are to: • To support and promote the study and dissemination of materials chemistry in all its forms. • To promote excellence and sustainability in the field of materials chemistry. • To support the next generation of scientists. • To advocate for the field of materials chemistry to the scientific community, and society as a whole. • To promote inclusion and diversity in its broadest possible sense across the materials chemistry community. We organise a range of activities, such as the series of Materials Chemistry conferences, the Materials Chemistry Poster Symposium, and small scientific meetings. We support community-led events, such as the Recent Appointees in Materials Science meeting. We advocate and provide expertise for materials chemistry. We recognise excellence within the community through our prizes programme and support our community by supporting the RSC grants schemes. Find out more: https://rsc.li/mcc. Contact us: science@rsc.org
Scientific Committee
Poster Judges
Petra Ágota Szilágyi (Chair) University of Oslo, Norway Rachel Crespo-Otero University College London, UK Robert Dawson University of Sheffield, UK Ben Xu Northumbria University, UK
Prof. Neil Robertson Prof. Ben Xu Dr Rachel Crepso-Oterro Dr Robert Dawson
Dr Ana Sobrido Dr Dami Taiwo
Careers Panellists
Prof. Magda Titirici Prof. Serena Cussen Prof. Aline Miller Ashley Mitchinson Dr Selina Ambrose
PROGRAMME
10:15
Registration
Welcome and introduction Flash presentations session 1 (odd numbers)
11:00
Poster/judging session 1 (odd numbers)
11:45
13:00
LUNCH
Flash presentations session 2 (even numbers)
14:00
Poster/judging session 2 (even numbers)
14:45
Afternoon refreshment break
16:00
Careers Panel Presentation of Prizes
16:30
17:30
Reception
CLOSE
18:30
Please note these timings are subject to change
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Poster presentations
P01
Development of scalable metal oxide-based materials for photoelectrochemical water splitting George Creasey Imperial College London, UK Thermal engineering of porphyrin-perylene COFs: a study on the structural behaviour and photocatalytic performance Kathryn McCarthy University of Galway, Ireland Shaping the future of white light: tailoring emission profiles in hybridized AIE-MOF emissive micro-fibers for enhanced quantum yield Vishal Kachwal University of Oxford, UK Using on-line NMR spectroscopy to understand crossover in redox flow batteries Emma Latchem University of Cambridge, UK Design rules for selective deposition of silver by condensation coefficient modulation for application in organic photovoltaics Szymon Abrahamczyk University of Warwick, UK Mechanochemical synthesis of autunites – a new route to remediation of uranium Chenhao Wu University of Edinburgh, UK Bioelectronic sensors: from synthesis to device in water Dilara Gunturkun Queen Mary University of London, UK Production of copper nanocomposite coatings using PRP (pulse reverse plating) and anionic surfactant Hannah Hilton-Tapp University of Leicester, UK
P02
P04
P05
P06
P07
P08
P09
P10
Applications of sublimation in the synthesis and crystal growth of organosulfones Lamis Alaa Eldin Refat University of Galway, Ireland Photo-induced active Lewis acid-base pairs in metal-organic framework for H2 activation Bryan Kit Yue Ng University of Oxford, UK Vaterite CaCO ₃ crystals as fully decomposable intracellular drug delivery carriers Mariam John Mammen Nottingham Trent University, UK Ion-conductive metal-organic framework membranes for lithium metal batteries Rui Tan University of Warwick, UK Understanding the mechanism of supercapacitive carbon dioxide capture through solid-state and in situ NMR Zeke Coady University of Cambridge, UK Electrospinning and the use of sustainable materials as an alternative to commercial felts as electrode material Michael Thielke Queen Mary University of London, UK Exploration of crystallisation strategies for porphyrin and phthalocyanine co-crystals Shannah Kerrigan University of Edinburgh, UK Bench to plant: industrial scale synthesis an forming of aluminium fumarate Rebecca Ryder Promethean Particles, UK Synthetic cell engineering: harnessing polymers for dynamic biomimicry Yeyang Sun Imperial College London, UK
P11
P12
P13
P14
P15
P16
P17
P18
P19
Quantitative solvent selection toolkits for functional materials preparation Xue Fang University of Bristol, UK Micropatterned bilayer surfaces for controlled elastic instabilities Zhuofan Qin Northumbria University, UK In-situ measurement of oxygen release from Ag/SrFeO3-δ materials for chemical looping catalysis Alexander R.P. Harrison University of Cambridge, UK The novel synthesis of the Li mineral jadarite (LiNaSiB ₃ O ₇ (OH)) Matilda Rhodes University Of Edinburgh, UK Carbene-metal-amide complexes with bright red and near-infrared thermally activated delayed fluorescence Ikechukwu David Nwosu University of Manchester, UK Mesoporous g-C ₃ N ₄ , TiO ₂ and g-C ₃ N ₄ /TiO ₂ photonic films with a chiral nematic structure: slow photonic effect inducing improved H ₂ generation Masa Johar Institut de Chimie Physique- Université Paris-Saclay, France
P20
P21
P23
P24
P25
P26
Needle promoted HER performance in alkaline condition Liquan Zhang UCL, UK Anisotropic cryogels derived from textile-derived cellulose nanocrystals and xanthan gum blends Maria-Ximena Ruiz-Caldas Stockholm University, Sweden
P27
P28
Synthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles coated in silica to form a protective Fe ₃ O ₄ @SiO ₂ core/shell structure
Patrycja Edyta Rose University of Kent, UK
P29
Design of polymer brush vectors for controlled RNA delivery: insights from PDMAEMA and PDIPA systems in physiologically relevant
conditions Carlos Neri Queen Mary University of London, UK
P30
Electropolymerized molecularly imprinted polymers (E-MIPs) on disposable electrodes for rapid sub-nanomolar protein determination in serum Andrei Stephen University of Central Lancashire, UK Soft XAS to expand the understanding on V-Doped lithium iron phosphate Rebekah Attard-Trevisan University of Kent UK Development of novel silica nanoparticle designs for antibiotic delivery Asier Rodriguez Muguruza University of Birmingham, UK Characterisation of the self-assembly of asymmetric functional perylene-based supramolecular polymers Helal Alharbi University of Bristol, UK A correlative workflow to probe electrode cross-talk in representative sodium-ion systems through advanced synchrotron cell design Connor Wright Imperial College London, UK Understanding the mechanism of electrochemical carbon capture by supercapacitors Grace Mapstone University of Cambridge, UK (Anti-)aromatic anions of a cyclophane hydrocarbon: solid state structures and manifestation of aromaticity in battery materials Wojciech Stawski University of Oxford, UK
P31
P32
P33
P34
P35
P36
P37
Freestanding electrodes for CO 2 electroreduction Hattie Chisnall QUML, UK
P39
Computational treatment of lanthanide dopants in oxides by DFT with Hubbard corrections Dan Criveanu University of Nottingham, UK Synthesis of Ni-based catalyst materials for AEM electrolysers Noah Bryan Warwick Manufacturing Group, UK Catalysts caught in the act: an operando investigation of copper during CO ₂ hydrogenation Elizabeth Jones University of Oxford, UK MOF-based porous microspheres: innovative composite materials for CO ₂ adsorption Jérémy Dhainaut Université de Lille, France Multifunctional double-network PVA/cellulose hydrogels for strain sensors and triboelectric nanogenerators Yaquan Wang Queen Mary University of London, UK Understanding degradation of Sn-based anodes for sodium-ion batteries Carla Albenga WMG, University of Warwick, UK Macro algae based biocarbon’s nanostructure membrane using for remediation for soil Raisa De Jesus Torres University of Puerto Rico, Puerto Rico Design and fabrication of lead free Sb-based perovskites for photovoltaic application Praveen Kumar Indian Institute of Technology Indore, India
P40
P41
P42
P43
P44
P46
P47
P48
Revealing heterogeneity in cancer cell populations based on high throughput single-cell adhesion on materials
Buddhika Gayani Galagedarage Dona University of Wollongong, Australia
P49
Porous polymer matrix for capture of metal ions from sea water Amber T Raja University of Kent, UK
Development of scalable metal oxide-based materials for photoelectrochemical water splitting George Creasey 1 , McCallum, Tristan 2 ; Rodriguez Acosta, John 1 ; Kafizas, Andreas 2,3 ; Hankin, Anna 1,4 1 Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, UK, 2 Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, UK, 3 London Centre for Nanotechnology, Imperial College London, UK, 4 Institute for Molecular Science and Engineering, Imperial College London, UK While hydrogen production via photoelectrochemical water splitting has been demonstrated on a small scale, developing an industrial scale device is a challenge that intrigues and brings together researchers from a range of disciplines. A key bottleneck in the scalability of PEC devices remains the development of scalable photocatalyst materials for the water splitting reaction. Many photoelectrodes are produced as thin films on transparent conducting oxides, such as fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) or indium-doped tin oxide (ITO). However, one difficulty to overcome is the resistivity of FTO glass, which can result in severe resistance losses in scale-up. I will present initial steps we have taken to mitigate this issue. I will present our method of photoanode fabrication, by chemical vapour deposition, a prevalent and scalable method, of sequential layers of WO 3 nanorods and BiVO 4 , to form a staggered heterojunction on FTO. The 2.4 to 2.5 eV bandgap of BiVO 4 enables light absorption up to 517 nm in wavelength and a theoretical solar-to-hydrogen efficiency (ɳ STH ) of up to 9.2 %. The WO 3 /BiVO 4 heterojunction system is one of the most promising in terms of performance, cost and durability. Combined with a Ni mesh cathode and homojunction Si PV, and operated in a pH neutral phosphate buffer solution, this creates a cost-effective and scalable tandem photoelectrochemical- photovoltaic (PV-PEC) device with a commercially viable fabrication method. However, one of the main challenges to address is the PEC stability of BiVO 4 -based photoanodes, which are prone to photocorrosion in aqueous solutions, particularly at non-neutral pHs, negative electrode potentials and highly positive electrode potentials. I will present our initial work to mitigate this issue, by tuning electrolyte composition, through the use of co-catalysts, and varying fabrication conditions to alter the structural morphology of the photoanodes. In preliminary results, the use of NiOOH co-catalysts, fabricated using the same facile CVD method, has increased the photocurrent density at 1.23 V RHE by 20%, left-shifted the onset potential, and suppressed the BiVO 4 degradation rate by three times compared to that of a WO 3 /BiVO 4 photoelectrode without NiOOH. This research seeks to elucidate challenges of developing upscaled materials for water splitting, to facilitate the pathway to commercially viable photoelectrochemical hydrogen production. References 1. Kafizas et al.; Journal of Physical Chemistry C; doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.7b00533. 2. Belles et al.; Sustainable Energy & Fuels; doi.org/10.1039/C8SE00420J 3. Tam; PhD thesis, Imperial College London, London, 2022. 4. Moss et al.; Advanced Energy Materials ; doi.org/10.1002/aenm.202003286
5. Bedoya-Lora et al.; Frontiers in Chemical Engineering ; doi.org/10.3389/fceng.2021.749058 6. Bedoya-Lora et al.; Journal of Materials Chemistry A . doi.org/10.1039/C7TA05125E 7. Hankin et al.; Energy & Environmental Science ; doi.org/10.1039/C6EE03036J
P01
© The Author(s), 2023
Thermal engineering of porphyrin-perylene COFs: a study on the structural behaviour and photocatalytic performance Kathryn McCarthy , Roberto Gonzalez Gomez, Pau Farràs Costa University of Galway, Ireland Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are a burgeoning area of research due to their unique properties; they are crystalline, porous, easily functionalised, robust, chemically and thermally stable, and diverse in structure 1 . Due to these attractive characteristics, COFs have been designed for many applications, such as gas storage, sensing, drug delivery and water purification 2 . Furthermore, via the careful selection of photo-active building blocks, namely, porphyrin and perylene, COFs have shown high visible-light absorption capacity and fast charge-carrier mobility, expanding their applicability towards heterogeneous photocatalysis 3 . Despite significant achievements in COF chemistry in recent years, difficulties still arise when designing reproducible synthetic methods to make high quality COFs, which is a major hindrance to the advancement of this promising field 4 . Previous works have shown that even slight modifications to reaction parameters during COF synthesis can have profound impacts on their properties. Hence, understanding the effects caused by modifying these parameters will provide better knowledge on how to adapt these materials to suit specific applications, accelerating their advancement towards industrial-scale processes 5 . In this work, we show that by modifying reaction temperature, the properties of our designed porphyrin-perylene- based COF can be controlled to enhance their short-range order, porosity and photostability. The materials were synthesised at temperatures ranging from 140 °C to 200 °C, and extensively characterised to study differences in morphology, optical properties, crystallinity, thermal stability and surface area as a function of synthesis temperature. Furthermore, absorption-desorption studies and photodegradation of methylene blue dye were also performed. References 1. Xiao, J.; Chen, J.; Liu, J.; Ihara, H.; Qiu, H. Synthesis Strategies of Covalent Organic Frameworks: An Overview from Nonconventional Heating Methods and Reaction Media. Green Energy & Environment 2022 . https://doi.org/10.1016/J. GEE.2022.05.003. 2. Liu, R.; Tan, K. T.; Gong, Y.; Chen, Y.; Li, Z.; Xie, S.; He, T.; Lu, Z.; Yang, H.; Jiang, D. Covalent Organic Frameworks: An Ideal Platform for Designing Ordered Materials and Advanced Applications. Chemical Society Reviews . Royal Society of Chemistry January 7, 2021, pp 120–242. https://doi.org/10.1039/d0cs00620c. 3. Yang, Q.; Luo, M.; Liu, K.; Cao, H.; Yan, H. Covalent Organic Frameworks for Photocatalytic Applications. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental . Elsevier B.V. November 5, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2020.119174. 4. Li, Y.; Chen, W.; Xing, G.; Jiang, D.; Chen, L. New Synthetic Strategies toward Covalent Organic Frameworks. Chemical Society Reviews . Royal Society of Chemistry May 21, 2020, pp 2852–2868. https://doi.org/10.1039/d0cs00199f. 5. Karak, S.; Dey, K.; Banerjee, R.; Karak, S.; Dey, K.; Banerjee, R. 2202751 (1 of 18) Maneuvering Applications of Covalent Organic Frameworks via Framework-Morphology Modulation. 2022 . https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202202751.
P02
© The Author(s), 2023
Shaping the future of white light: tailoring emission profiles in hybridized AIE-MOF emissive micro-fibers for enhanced quantum yield Vishal Kachwal , Samraj Mollick, Jin-Chong Tang Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, UK Tuning emission properties is crucial for applications such as lighting and displays. Hybrid composite materials like MOFs with AIE-active ligands combine organic and inorganic components, enabling broad-spectrum emission and enhanced stability. AIE-active MOFs improve luminescence efficiency by providing better control over local environments and interactions, allowing tailored emission properties. Electrospun fibres, recognized for their high surface area-to-volume ratio and diverse morphologies, are integrated with AIE-MOFs to achieve tunable, high quantum yield white light emission. This approach outperforms traditional white light technologies, such as phosphor-converted LEDs and OLEDs, presenting advanced scientific opportunities in emission control and efficiency. [1,2, 3] Here in, we designed and synthesized hybrid AIE-MOFs (Figure1 (I)) using various D-A type AIE-active ligands (Figure1 (III)), achieving tunable emission properties across the visible spectrum. By incorporating AIE-MOFs into polymers for electrospun fibres, we fabricated tunable emission microfibers (Figure 1 (IV)) with enhanced performance compared to AIE-MOF powders. Sophisticated characterization techniques, such as micro-Raman, XPS, and nano-FTIR, were employed for property analysis. High-performance Janus-type white light-emitting fibre composites were fabricated using side-by-side electrospinning (Figure 1 (II)), achieving an impressive 58% quantum yield. This research underscores the potential of AIE-MOF-based white light-emitting fibres, rationally integrating AIE-active ligands, MOFs, and fibres, and establishes a new benchmark for efficient white light sources in optoelectronics.
Figure 1- Showing schematic representation of (I) synthesis of AIE-MOF, (II) side-by-side electrospinning, (III) AIE-Ligands, (IV) AIE-MOF Microfiber under 365 UV lamp References 1. X.-Y. Liu, K. Xing, Y. Li, C.-K. Tsung, J. Li, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2019, 141, 14807X.-Y. Liu, K. Xing, Y. Li, C.-K. Tsung, J. Li, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2019, 141, 14807 2. M. Gutiérrez, Y. Zhang, J.-C. Tan, Chem. Rev. 2022, 122, 10438. 3. V. Kachwal, J.-C. Tan, Adv. Sci. 2023, 10, 2204848
P04
© The Author(s), 2023
Using on-line NMR spectroscopy to understand crossover in redox flow batteries Emma Latchem 1 , Thomas Kress 1 , Peter A. A.Klusener 3 , R. Vasant Kumar 2, Alexander C.Forse 1 1 University of Cambridge, UK, 2 Department of Materials Science, University of Cambridge, UK, 3 Shell Global Solutions International B.V., Energy Transition Campus Amsterdam, Netherlands Tackling the climate crisis requires huge increases in renewable power generation from wind and solar. 1 There is an urgent requirement for new technologies that can store this intermittent energy affordably. 2 Aqueous organic redox-flow batteries (AORFBs) are promising candidates for this application, as they are scalable and can be made from low-cost, Earth-abundant material. However, the lifetime of these batteries is limited by crossover- driven capacity fade. 3-4 “Crossover” describes the unwanted transport of redox-active components through the membrane. Traditional membrane permeability measurements only account for diffusional crossover, and do not capture all contributions to membrane transport in working batteries, including migration. Inspired by previous studies, 5 we developed a new method for characterising crossover in operating aqueous organic redox-flow batteries, using on-line quantitative 1 H NMR spectroscopy. Using the 2,6-dihydroxyantharquinone/ ferrocyanide battery as a model, we observed a doubling of 2,6-dihydroxyantharquinone crossover rates during battery charging, which we believe is due to additional transport by migration. These measurements allow us to differentiate how different transport mechanisms contribute to crossover and identify which charging protocols are optimized to minimise this process. Furthermore, our new method has enabled us to gain insight into how crossover contributes to capacity loss within the battery. This improved understanding of crossover-driven capacity loss will facilitate the development of the superior materials and charging protocols needed for longer- lasting batteries. References 1. IPCC, 2022: Summary for Policymakers. In: Climate Change 2022: Mitigation of Climate Change. Contribution of Working Group III to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [P.R. Shukla, J. Skea, R. Slade, A. Al Khourdajie, R. van Diemen, D. McCollum, M. Pathak, S. Some, P. Vyas, R. Fradera, M. Belkacemi, A. Hasija, G. Lisboa, S. Luz, J. Malley, (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK and New York, NY, USA. doi: 10.1017/9781009157926.001 2. J.Rugolo and M. J. Aziz, Energy Environ. Sci. , 2012, 5 , 7151. R. Darling, K. Gallagher, W. Xie, L. Su and F. Brushett, J. Electrochem. Soc ., 2016, 163 , A5029–A5040. 3. R. Tan, A. Wang, R. Malpass-Evans, R. Williams, E. W. Zhao, T. Liu, C. Ye, X. Zhou, B. P. Darwich, Z. Fan, L. Turcani, E. Jackson, L. Chen, S. Y. Chong, T. Li, K. E. Jelfs, A. I. Cooper, N. P. Brandon, C. P. Grey, N. B. McKeown and Q. Song, Nat. Mater ., 2020, 19 , 195–202. E. W. Zhao, T. Liu, E. Jónsson, J. Lee, I. Temprano, R. B. Jethwa, A. Wang, H. Smith, J. Carretero-González, Q. Song and C. P. Grey, Nature , 2020, 579 , 224–228.
P05
© The Author(s), 2023
Design rules for selective deposition of silver by condensation coefficient modulation for application in organic photovoltaics Szymon Abrahamczyk 1 , Phillip Bellchambers 2 , Steven Huband 3 , Keun-Woo Park 4 , Jin-Kyun Lee 4 Ross Hatton 2* 1 AS CDT, Senate House, University of Warwick, UK, 2 Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, UK, 3 Department of Physics, University of Warwick. UK, 4 Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Inha University, South Korea Silver is the metal of choice for myriad current and emerging applications, including flexible transparent electrodes and as platforms for biological and chemical sensors for point-of-use healthcare and environmental monitoring. However, for many of these applications it is necessary to pattern silver films with micron to nanometre scale periodic features over macroscopic areas, which is a slow and costly process. In 2019 our group first reported a new approach to patterning silver films based on the discovery that an extremely thin printed layer of perfluorinated molecules can prevent condensation of silver vapour, so silver is only deposited where the perfluorinated layer is not. [1] The beauty of the approach is its simplicity, since vacuum evaporation of metals to form thin films is proven as a low-cost metal deposition method by the packaging industry. Moreover, the shape and dimensions of the features deposited is limited only by the printing method used to deposit the patterned perfluorinated layer. Using this highly unconventional approach to patterning silver, we have very recently reported the fabrication of high-performance transparent silver grid electrodes suitable for use in organic photovoltaic devices as a replacement for indium tin oxide coated glass. [2] This poster will present two new perfluorinated polymers for this application which are used to shed light on the factors that control selective condensation of silver at the molecular level. These new materials are also used to fabricate silver nanodisks, nanoapertures and high-performance silver grid electrodes for use as the transparent and light-catching plasmonic electrode in organic photovoltaic devices. References
1. Varagnolo et al. , Materials Horizons 7, 2020 , 143, https://doi.org/10.1039/C9MH00842J 2. Bellchambers et al. , Advanced Materials 2023 , https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202300166
P06
© The Author(s), 2023
Mechanochemical synthesis of autunites – a new route to remediation of uranium Chenhao Wu University of Edinburgh, UK Uranium (U), both radioactive and chemotoxic, is vital for use in nuclear power plants worldwide. However, activities associated with the mining and processing of uranium ores are responsible for widespread uranium contamination 1 . Autunite family are secondary uranium minerals with general formula M z+ [(UO 2 )(XO 4 )] z ·nH 2 O (M = Na + , K + , Cu 2+ , Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ etc.; X = P/As). These minerals have been recognised as important phases for controlling uranium mobility in the environment due to their extremely low solubility under circumneutral pH conditions 2 . Here we present a new mechanochemical synthesis of autunite family phases by simply hand grinding the reagents with mortar and pestle. Previous studies of uranium remediation focused on precipitating uranium from contaminated water to form autunite phases, however, this method provides a treatment of the uranium contamination in solid form, especially in mine tailings. In this experiment, stochiometric uranyl salts [UO 2 (NO 3 ) 2 ·6H 2 O, UO 2 SO 4 ·3.5H 2 O and UO 2 (CH 3 CO 2 ) 2 ·2H 2 O], hydrogen phosphate salts [NaH 2 PO 4 , K 2 HPO 4 and (NH 4 ) 2 HPO 4 ] and nitrate salts [Cu(NO 3 ) 2 ·3H 2 O, NaNO 3 , KNO 3 , Ca(NO 3 ) 2 ·4H 2 O and Mg(NO 3 ) 2 ] are mixed and hand-ground to obtain the autunite phases. The resulting samples are characterised by X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The XRPD and SEM results showed that Cu-autunite, Cu[(UO 2 )(PO 4 )] 2 ·8H 2 O, has the highest crystallinity compared with other autunite analogues (sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium) synthesised in the experiment. The result is consistent with the previous studies which report that the Cu-autunite phase is more stable due to the unique Jahn-Teller distortion of Cu 3 . The result also showed that the products synthesised using UO 2 (NO 3 ) 2 ·6H 2 O contain the least reagents residue compared with those using UO 2 SO 4 ·3.5H 2 O and UO 2 (CH 3 CO 2 ) 2 ·2H 2 O, which indicates that the type of uranium salt affects the efficiency of the reaction. The results of the experiments with different phosphate sources show that the Cu-autunite phase is more favourable to form even when other competing cations (Na + , K + , NH 4 + ) exist. The successful synthesis of autunite phases shows the possibility of applying the mechanochemical method in uranium remediation. With further study, this mechanochemical treatment of uranium waste could provide an efficient, low-cost, and solvent-free strategy with global application. References 1. V. Balaram, A. Rani and D. P. S. Rathore, Geosystems and Geoenvironment , 2022, 1 , 100043. 2. C. L. Corkhill, D. E. Crean, D. J. Bailey, C. Makepeace, M. C. Stennett, R. Tappero, D. Grolimund and N. C. Hyatt, npj Materials Degradation , 2017, 1 , 19. 3. E. A. Dzik, H. L. Lobeck, L. Zhang and P. C. Burns, The Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics , 2017, 114 , 165-171.
P07
© The Author(s), 2023
Bioelectronic sensors: from synthesis to device in water Dilara Gunturkun, Christian Nielsen Queen Mary University of London, UK
Organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) are a central technology for bioelectronic devices in a wide range of applications such as biosensors 1 , memory 2 and neuromorphic devices 3 , and printed logic circuits 4 . To date, various conjugated polymeric materials have been developed to allow for both electronic and ionic charge transport throughout the bulk material, enabling efficient device operation in OECTs. The vast majority of polymers are synthesized using palladium-catalysed cross-coupling conditions and these conventional methods typically involve toxic halogenated solvents that adversely impact the environment and human health. In this work, an emulsion-based approach will be employed to obtain more sustainable materials preparation and processing protocols for bioelectronic applications. As well as the OECT device fabrication, materials synthesis and purification will be conducted using water as the main solvent to achieve n-type semiconducting polymers based on isoindigo backbones and hydrophilic side chains. Additionally, different molecular designs, electrochemical studies, OECT device evaluation, and computational investigation will be performed. References 1. J. H. Kim, S.-M. Kim, G. Kim, M.-H. Yoon, Macromolecular Bioscience 2020, 20 , 2000211. 2. J. Rivnay, S. Inal, A. Salleo, R. M. Owens, M. Berggren, G. G. Malliaras, Nature Reviews Materials 2018, 3 , 17086. 3. M.-K. Kim, Y. Park, I.-J. Kim, J.-S. Lee, iScience 2020, 23 , 101846. 4. X. Tian, D. Liu, J. Bai, K. S. Chan, L. C. Ip, P. K. L. Chan, S. Zhang, Anal. Chem. 2022, 94 , 6156.
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Production of copper nanocomposite coatings using PRP (pulse reverse plating) and anionic surfactant Hannah Hilton-Tapp , David Weston Centre for Sustainable Materials Processing, University of Leicester, UK The development of the process to produce Metal Matrix Nanocomposite (MMNC) coatings can provide opportunity for the enhancement of mechanical and electrical properties. As the mechanical, electrical and thermal demand of materials increases, the properties of these materials must progress with them. Equally, if the properties of materials improve, technology is able to progress quicker. Copper is of particular importance in industry due to its high thermal and electrical conductivity at room temperature, however it is a relatively soft, malleable metal. Incorporating nanoparticles, such as SiC, into the copper matrix can improve the hardness and wear resistance of the coatings, without significantly diminishing the other properties. The utilisation of Pulse Reverse Plating (PRP) in the production of MMNCs has been explored over the years but only recently have the anodic pulse and anionic surfactant been taken advantage of to increase particle content. [2,3] This work focuses on applying this to the production of Cu-SiC nanocomposite coatings. Anionic surfactant concentration within the plating bath against a constant concentration of SiC and plating parameters were varied; the composition and mechanical properties of the resulting coatings were determined and compared. References 1. H. Hilton-Tapp, J. Kelly, D. Weston, Trans IMF, 2023, 101 , 4, 179-188 2. D. P. Weston, D. Albusalih, H. Hilton-Tapp, D. Statharas, S. P. Gill, J. Navajas, J. Cornec, N. J. Weston, Mat Chem and Phys, 2023, 305 , 127943 3. D. Albusalih, S. Gill, D. Weston, F. Altmann, Trans IMF, 2019, 97 , 203-216
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Applications of sublimation in the synthesis and crystal growth of Organosulfones Lamis Alaa Eldin Refat 1,2 , Saidulu Konda 1 , Paul Murphy 1,2 , Patrick McArdle 1 , Andrea Erxleben 1,2 1 School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, University of Galway, Ireland, 2 Synthesis and Solid State Pharmaceutical Centre (SSPC), Ireland Sublimation has been established as a successful method of producing solvent-free high-quality single crystals of several APIs 1–3 . Further applications of sublimation in combined organic synthesis through thermal transformation and crystal growth of organosulfones are currently investigated in this work. Aromatic sulfones are valuable intermediates in industrial applications and organic synthesis. Diaryl sulfones are of particular importance in pharmaceuticals. Diphenyl sulfone is an intermediate in the synthesis of Dapsone (4,4’-diamino diphenyl sulfone) which is used in the treatment of leprosy 4 . Substituted diaryl sulfones were also found to suppress replication of human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) in vitro 5 . The preparation of 4-phenylsulfonyl biphenyl typically involves multistep reactions that require the use of catalysts and solvents 4 . An in-house low thermal gradient sublimation apparatus 1–3 has shown success in eliminating phenylsulfinic acid from trienes ( 1a – 1f ) to produce biphenyls ( 2 ). 1 was synthesized by reacting [(E)-3-(benzenesulfonyl)allyl]sulfonylbenzene with an equivalent amount of a substituted trans-cinnamaldehyde and 33 equivalents of aluminium oxide to produce a family of substituted derivatives of 2 . In the case of 1a yellow crystalline needles of the starting compound were transformed into colourless crystalline blocks of the phenyl derivative of 4-phenylsulfonyl biphenyl in quantitative yield . Controlled thermal transformation and crystal growth through sublimation has proved to be a green method that provides a single-step process for the efficient production of a quantitative yield of organosulfones without the need for solvents, catalysts or further purification. References 1. Karpinska, J.; Erxleben, A.; McArdle, P. 17β-Hydroxy-17α-Methylandrostano[3,2-c]Pyrazole, Stanozolol: The Crystal Structures of Polymorphs 1 and 2 and 10 Solvates. Cryst. Growth Des. 2011 , 11 (7), 2829–2838. 2. Karpinska, J.; Erxleben, A.; Mcardle, P. Applications of Low Temperature Gradient Sublimation In Vacuo: Rapid Production of High Quality Crystals. The First Solvent-Free Crystals of Ethinyl Estradiol. Cryst. Growth Des. 2013 , 13 (3), 1122–1130. 3. Kamali, N.; O’Malley, C.; Mahon, M. F.; Erxleben, A.; McArdle, P. Use of Sublimation Catalysis and Polycrystalline Powder Templates for Polymorph Control of Gas Phase Crystallization. Cryst. Growth Des. 2018 , 18 (6), 3510–3516. 4. Jin, T.; Yang, M.; Feng, G.; Li, T. An Efficient and Convenient Method for the Synthesis of Aromatic Sulfones Catalysed by ZrO2/S2O82- Solid Superacid. J. Chem. Res. - Part S 2003 , 1 (11), 721–723. 5. McMahon, J. B.; Gulakowski, R. J.; Weislow, O. S.; Schultz, R. J.; Narayanan, V. L.; Clanton, D. J.; Pedemonte, R.; Wassmundt, F. W.; Buckheit, R. W.; Decker, W. D.; White, E. L.; Bader, J. P.; Boyd, M. R. Diarylsulfones, A New Chemical Class of Nonnucleoside Antiviral Inhibitors of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Reverse Transcriptase. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 1993 , 37 (4), 754–760.
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Photo-induced active lewis acid-base pairs in metal-organic framework for H2 activation Bryan Kit Yue Ng 1 , Xin-Ping Wu 2 , Shik Chi Edman Tsang 1* 1 Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, IK, 2 Key Laboratory for Advance Materials, East China University of Science and Technology, China The establishment of active sites as Frustrated Lewis Pair (FLP) has recently attracted much attention from homogeneous to heterogeneous systems in the field of catalysis. Their unquenched reactivity of Lewis acid and base pairs in close proximity that are unable to form stable adducts has shown to be able to activate small molecules such as dihydrogen heterolytically. Herein, by utilising the chemical stability and wide tuneability of UiO series metal-organic frameworks, we demonstrate that grafted Ru metal-organic framework-based catalysts prepared via N-containing linkers are rather catalytically inactive for H2 activation despite the application of elevated temperatures. However, upon light illumination, charge polarization of anchored Ru bipyridine complex can form transient Lewis acid-base pair, Ru+-N- via metal-to-ligand charge transfer, and this is confirmed by time- dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) calculations to carry out effective H2-D2 exchange. FTIR and 2-D NMR endorse the formation of such reactive intermediate(s) upon light irradiation. References
1. Ng, B. K. Y.; Wu, X.-P.; Tsang, S. C. E. et. al., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2023 , 145, 35, 19312–19320 2. Leung, K. C.; Ng, B. K. Y.; Tsang, S. C. E. et. al., J. Am. Chem. Soc . 2023 , 145, 26, 14548–14561
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Vaterite CaCO ₃ crystals as fully decomposable intracellular drug delivery carriers Mariam John Mammen, Rian Salisbury, Mark Christian, Dmitry Volodkin School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, UK Delivery of bioactive molecules (bioactives) inside cells is one of the paramount goals in drug delivery and tissue engineering. However, modern delivery vehicles (e.g. liposomes, lipoplexes, polymer complexes) have limitations due to their poorly regulated life span, biodegradation requirements, affecting bioactivity, etc. The ideal delivery carrier should be fully biodegradable and able to host significant and variable amounts of a bioactive, protect them against undesired enzymatic cleavage and inhibition as well as release the bioactive content in the required time and space. This interdisciplinary work aims to develop a new intracellular delivery mechanism based on pure CaCO 3 vaterite micro-sized crystals. For this, the powerful technology of co-synthesis into vaterite crystals at fully biofriendly conditions was employed to encapsulate, protect and deliver dextranes as model bioactives. Preliminary experiments demonstrated effective uptake and full decomposition of the crystals in lysosomes without affecting viability of adipocytes as model cells. Cellular uptake depends on concentration of the crystals and the kinetics of crystal dissolution inside cells may vary from hours and up to days. We assessed the effect of crystal charge and size onto uptake and intracellular dissolution rate. Calcium ion flux in adipocytes was also examined. These findings will help to enhance adipocyte activity which improves metabolic health and provides new avenues for treatment of many metabolic disorders such as diabetes, adiposity, and fatty liver and cardiovascular disease.
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Ion-conductive metal-organic framework membranes for lithium metal batteries Rui Tan 1 , Anqi Wang, Mengnan Wang, Zhiyu Fan, Anthony Houghton, Shengming Zhang, Thomas D. Bennett, Qilei Song University of Warwick, UK, Imperial College London, UK, University of Cambridge, UK Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have been widely used for transport and grid scale energy storage, however, they are reaching the limit of energy density. There are also safety concerns for large scale applications due to the use of high volume organic flammable liquid electrolytes. 1 Solid-state batteries (SSBs) hold great promise for replacing conventional LIBs due to their higher energy density and enhanced safety 2 . Current inorganic and organic solid electrolytes possess low ionic conductivity and there are various technical challenges, e.g., poor chemical stability, dendrite growth, or difficulty of manufacturing at large scale. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have great potential for applications as next-generation ion-conductive membrane separators for battery devices owing to their structural functionality, pore size, adjustable surface chemistry and physical stability 3 . The versatile coordination chemistry allows the elegant tuning of pore structures and functional groups to create fast ion transport channels so as to improve the overall ionic conductivity and lithium ion transference number. However, the ion transport in crystalline MOFs are usually limited by the grain boundaries and it remains challenging to shape MOFs crystals into large-size and grain boundary-free electrolyte membranes. In recent years, amorphous MOFs and MOF glasses have emerged as promising new class of MOF materials and showed potential for molecular separations and energy storage devices where selective molecular and ion transport critically determines their performance 4 . Here we report a novel approach to prepare MOF materials into monolithic glass-like membranes that enable high ionic conductivity (>10 -3 S/cm) as well as high lithium ion transference number 5 . The structures of the MOF membranes critically determine the ion transport properties and battery performance. The MOF membranes enable the uniform stripping/plating of Li ions owing to uniform transport in nanoscale pores. The MOF membrane was assembled into half-cell batteries and pouch cell batteries and demonstrated promising performance. The strategy of processing MOF membranes and the structure-property-function relationships will inspire design of next-generation of ion-selective membranes with fast ion-conducting channels for applications in a variety of electrochemical devices. References 1. Jürgen Janek and Wolfgang G. Zeier, Nature Energy, DOI: 10.1038/NENERGY.2016.141. 2. Zhao, et al, Nature Reviews Materials, 5, 229–252 (2020).S. Bai et al. Nature Energy 1, 16094, 2016 3. TD Bennett, AK Cheetham. Accounts of chemical research 47 (5), 1555-1562 (2014).Tan et al, In preparation for submission.
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Understanding the mechanism of supercapacitive carbon dioxide capture through solid-state and in situ NMR Zeke Coady, Dr Zhen Xu, Dr Suzi Pugh, Grace Mapstone, Dr Alexander Forse University of Cambridge, UK Supercapacitive carbon dioxide capture is a promising new technique for concentration of CO 2 from gas mixtures, which offers potentially lower energy consumption than amine scrubbing, and uses inexpensive and environmentally benign components of activated carbon electrodes with aqueous salt electrolyte. (1-3) However, the mechanism of action of these systems is unclear, preventing us from using rational design to improve key metrics including selectivity, absorption capacity, and energy efficiency. The disordered nanostructure of the activated carbon electrodes presents obstacles to understanding how CO2's involvement in supercapacitative charging results in its absorption and desorption. In this work, solid-state NMR is demonstrated as a viable method for the study of supercapacitative carbon dioxide capture. Model supercapacitor electrodes were prepared from different activated carbons and loaded with either carbon-13-enriched HCO 3 - or carbon-13-enriched CO 2 , then analysed through 13 C and 1 H NMR. We can then observe quantitative adsorption of CO 2 and HCO 3 - into our model system as well as exchange between the in-pore and ex-pore environments of the activated carbon. The presence of the activated carbon electrode resulted in a significant enhancement in CO 2 solubility in electrolyte. Studies of absorption of CO 2 in different activated carbons was observed and compared with results of supercapacitive carbon capture experiments, demonstrating that both absorption at neutral charge and improved exchange between the in-pore and ex-pore environment correlate with improved CO 2 capture activity. These findings provide insight into the mechanism of supercapacitive carbon capture and into differences in activity between different activated carbons. References 1. Kokoszka, B.; Jarrah, N. K.; Liu, C.; Moore, D. T.; Landskron, K. Supercapacitive Swing Adsorption of Carbon Dioxide. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 2014 , 53 (14), 3698–3701. https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201310308. 2. Bilal, M.; Li, J.; Guo, H.; Landskron, K. High-Voltage Supercapacitive Swing Adsorption of Carbon Dioxide. Small n/a (n/a), 2207834. https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202207834. 3. Binford, T. B.; Mapstone, G.; Temprano, I.; Forse, A. C. Enhancing the Capacity of Supercapacitive Swing Adsorption CO2 Capture by Tuning Charging Protocols. Nanoscale 2022 , 14 , 7980–7984. https://doi.org/10.1039/D2NR00748G.
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Electrospinning and the use of sustainable materials as an alternative to commercial felts as electrode material Michael Thielke, Ana Sobrido Queen Mary University of London, UK Electrospinning is a technique to generate ultrafine fibres, resulting in materials with high surface area and superior mechanical properties. This process can be tailored to produce a variety of functional materials, including electrodes for energy storage devices. Sustainable materials, such as proteins, lignin, and cellulose derivatives, offer an eco-friendly alternative to traditional precursors for electrode materials. Lignin, a complex organic polymer found in the cell walls of many plants, has been investigated as a potential precursor for carbon-based electrodes due to its high carbon content. Meanwhile, cellulose derivatives, such as cellulose nanofibers, have been shown to have excellent mechanical properties and can be produced from renewable sources, while proteins contain a high content of heteroatoms that potentially increase the electrocatalytic activity of the fibre surface. The combination of electrospinning and sustainable materials has the potential to produce high-performance, cost-effective, and environmentally-friendly electrode materials. This approach could significantly reduce the environmental impact of industrial processes and promote sustainable development in the energy storage industry.
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