Macro algae based biocarbon’s nanostructure membrane using for remediation for soil Raisa De Jesus Torres, Liz Diaz Vazquez University of Puerto Rico, Puerto Rico Recent studies establish biocarbon precursors, such as biochar, graphite, graphene oxide, among others, have become an important material for soil remediation due to their potential to immobilize contaminants. (1) As novel material, biocarbon from marine macroalgae, and the use of techniques such as the Furnace/Muffle in oxygen atmosphere for carbonization process, generate biocarbon that have better properties on the surface, achieving varied pores that efficiently absorb the pollutants present in the soils. (2) In places where military practice were performed, such as Vieques, Puerto Rico and which were designated as an ecological hazard site because of high concentrations of contaminants in explosives, bullets and other paraphernalia used, the soil remediation plan is necessary. (3) For this purpose, we developed nanostructured membrane and algae-based biocarbon as a bioremediation material for its potential to immobilize organic and inorganic contaminants. Nanostructured membrane and biocarbon are made from different algae; Sargassum sp., Gracilaria sp. and Ulva sp., and sodium alginate a common ingredient for preparing gel materials interacts metal cations, it nontoxic, and low cost. (4) The combination of biocarbon and sodium alginate can enhance the mechanical strength, the stability and it can control the release and adsorbed. As an experimental process, we will start with characterization analysis by Raman Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA)/differential dispersion calorimetry (DSC) to identification of functional groups and structures, measure changes in mass that are related to changes in temperature, thermal stability, and changes in sample composition. Then, the soil samples are treatment with algae-based biocarbon nanomembrane, and concentrations of heavy metal and organic compounds are quantified weekly to determine the effects of this treatment. For the study of heavy metals in the soil we use the technique of Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS). Preliminary evaluation of algae-based biocarbon nanomembrane showed a reduction of copper ion by 10%, and nickel ion reduction of 2%. For organic pollutants such as perfluorinated compounds, remediation plans are being developed, biocarbon tests have been carried out on solutions of perfluorinated compounds and quantification and qualification of components have been studied through Gas Chromatography analysis with Mass Spectrometer (GC-MS). References 1. X. Hu, Y. Yua , W. Houa, J. Zhoub, L. Songa. Effects of particle size and pH value on the hydrophilicity of graphene oxide. Applied Surface Science 273 (2013) 118–121 2. Pareja-Rodríguez, R.; Freile-Pelegrín, Y.; Robledo, D.; Ruiz-Gomez, M.; Martínez-Flores, R. & Rodríguez-Gattorno, G. Self- generated active sites in graphene oxide-like materials by controlling the oxidative decomposition reactions of Sargassum. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering 9 (2021). 3. Fernández, J.; Márquez, L. El impacto ambiental de las actividades de la Marina de Guerra de los Estados Unidos en la isla municipio de Vieques. Evagesis. 38-44. 4. Wang, W.; Qu, K.; Zhang, X.; Teng, M. and Hiang, Z. Integrated Instillation Technology for the Synthesis of a pH- Responsive Sodium Alginate/Biomass Charcoal Soil Conditioner for Controlled Release of Humic Acid and Soil Remediation . Agric. Food Chem . 2021, 69, 13386−13397
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