Design and fabrication of lead free sb-based perovskites for photovoltaic application Praveen Kumar 1 , Khursheed Ahmad 1 , Janardan Dagar 4 , Eva Unger 4 , Shaikh M. Mobin 1,2,3 1 Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, India, 2 Department of Biosciences and Bio-Medical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, India, 3 Department of Metallurgy Engineering and Material Science, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, India, d Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, HySPRINT Innovation Lab, Germany The photovoltaic devices using lead halide perovskites as light absorber have pulled the attention of researchers due to their outstanding performance. However, the lead halide perovskite based photovoltaic devices suffering from the toxicity of lead (Pb) and lower stability in air. Recently, enormous efforts have been made to develop the efficient, lead (Pb) free and stable perovskite solar cells (PSCs). In this regards, various strategies were applied and the optoelectronic properties of various Pb free perovskites such as (CH 3 NH 3 ) 3 Bi 2 I 9 , Cs 3 Sb 2 I 9 , Cs 3 Bi 2 I 9 , CH 3 NH 3 SnI 3 and CH 3 NH 3 GeI 3 etc has been investigated. However, the photovoltaic performance of the developed PSCs was still low and shows poor stability against moisture and heat. Herein, we have investigated the optoelectronic properties of Pb free perovskite by utilizing (NH 4 ) 3 Sb 2 I 9 as light absorber material. Moreover, we have employed modified two step procedure for the preparation of (NH 4 ) 3 Sb 2 I 9 . The developed Pb free PSCs device (FTO/CL-TiO 2 /m-TiO 2 /(NH 4 ) 3 Sb 2 I 9 /HTM/Au) exhibited enhanced power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 0.42% with open circuit voltage (Voc) of 945 mV. References 1. Kim, H. Min, K. S. Lee, D. Y. Lee, S. M. Yoon, S. I. Seok, Science 2020, 370, 108– 112. Zuo, L. Ding, Angew. Chem. 2017, 129, 6628–6632. 2. Li, C. Zhang, J.-H. Huang, H. Fan, H. Wang, P. Wang, C. Zhan, C.-M. Liu, X. Li, L.-M. Yang, Y. Song, K.-J. Jiang, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2019, 58, 6688–6692. 3. Wang, P. Wang, C. Zhan, C.-M. Liu, X. Li, L.-M. Yang, Y. Song, K.-J. Jiang, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2019, 58, 6688–6692. 4. Kumar, K. Ahmad, J. Dagar, E. Unger, S.M. Mobin, ChemElectroChem, 2021, 8, 3150-3154.
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