170
EL DERECHO DE AUTOR Y SUS LÍMITES
Se observa entonces que en los dos países africanos a los que se ha hecho referencia, la función del test, antes que restringir excepciones previamente establecidas, sería la de permitir la definición y ejercicio de otras excepciones al derecho de reproducción que cumplan con los criterios allí previstos. En otras jurisdicciones, el “ three-step test ” se ha usado únicamente como condicionante de determinadas excepciones. Es el caso de Sri Lanka 112 , Etiopía 113 y Camboya 114 , que se sirven del test para imponer condiciones al ejercicio de la excepción de reproducción para uso per- sonal o privado. Sin embargo, en dichas legislaciones no se consagra el primer paso, sino únicamente los dos últimos. La razón para ello radica seguramente en el hecho de que la excepción mencionada ya sería un “caso especial” en el marco del criterio definido en los instrumentos internacionales. En algunas otras economías pequeñas, como las de Lituania 115 , Bie- lorrusia 116 y Uzbekistán 117 , el “ three-step test ” —expresado en los criterios 112 Intellectual Property Act, No. 36 of 2003 : “12. […] (2) The permission under subsection (1) of this section shall not be extended to the reproduction— […] (e) of any work, in case the reproduction would conflict with a normal exploitation of the work or would otherwise unreasonably prejudice the legitimate interests of the owner of the copyright ”. 113 Copyright and Neighboring Rights Protection Proclamation No. 410/2004: “9. Reproduction for Personal Purposes. […] 2/ The provisions of Sub-Article (I) of this Article shall not extend to reproduction; […] e) which would conflict with or unreaso- nable harm the normal exploitation of the work or the legitimate interest of the author ”. 114 Copyright and Neighboring Rights Act, 2003 : “24. (…) (3) (…) (e) Of any work, in cases where reproduction would conflict with a normal exploitation of the work or would otherwise unreasonably prejudice the legitimate interests of the author or the right-holder ”. 115 Law VIII-1185 of May 18, 1999, (as amended by Law No. VIII-1886 of July 20, 2000): “ 19. Any limitations on economic rights shall be permitted exclusively in the cases provided for in this Law. They must not conflict with the normal exploita- tion of a work and must not prejudice the legitimate interests of the author or other owner of copyright”. 116 Law 194-3 of August 11 of 1998 : “16 (4) The rights of authors (or other hol- ders of copyright) set out in this Article shall be subject to the limitations specified in Articles 18 to 21 of this Law and which shall apply insofar as the uses in question do not unjustifiably prejudice the normal exploitation of the work and do not without valid reason violate the legitimate interests of the author (or other holder of copyright) ”. En el art. 36 (4) de esta misma ley se prevé una norma similar respecto de las excepciones sobre derechos conexos. 117 Law 271-1 of 1996 : “Art. 26. The exclusive rights of the author or of other owners with respect to exploitation of the work may only be limited in the cases provided for in Articles 17 to 21 of this Law or in other laws.
Made with FlippingBook. PDF to flipbook with ease