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(5) Jiping Zuo & Robert D. Benford, “Mobilization Processes and the 1989 Chinese Democracy Movement,” The Sociological Quarterly 36, no.1(1995): 131–156. (6) Cas Mudde and Cristóbal Rovira Kaltwasser, Populism: A Very Short Introduction, (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2017), 42-46. ، سياســات عربية، (المركز العربي " الشــعبوية واألزمة الدائمة للديموقراطية " ) عزمي بشــارة، 7 ( . 29 )، ص 2019 ، 40 لألبحاث ودراسة السياسات، الدوحة، العدد (8) Mudde and Kaltwasser, Populism,6-7. (9) David S. Meyer, Debra C. Minkoff, “Conceptualizing Political Opportunity,” Social Forces 82, no. 4 (2004): 1457–1492. (10) Edwin Amenta at al., “The Political Consequences of Social Movements,” Annual Review of Sociology 36, no. 1(2010): 288. (11) William A. Gamson, The Strategy of Social Protest, (CA: Wadsworth Pub Co, 1990), 113, 214. (12) Sidney Tarrow, “Straggling to Reform: Social Movements and Policy Change During Cycles of Protest”, Western Societies Program Occasional Paper, (Cornell University, New York, No. 15, 1983): 28. (13) Sidney Tarrow, “Struggle, Politics, and Reform: Collective Action. Social Movements, and Cycles of Protest”, Western Societies Program Occasional Paper (Cornell University, New York, No. 21, 1989): 35. (14) Doug McAdam et al., Dynamics of contention, (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001): 25. (15) Ibid: 25-26. (16) Doug McAdam et al. (eds.), Comparative Perspectives on Social Movements: Political Opportunities, Mobilizing Structures, and Cultural Framings, (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996): 27. (17) Charles Tilly, From mobilization to revolution, 1st ed. (US: Addison- Wesley, 1978), 8.
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