العدد 19 – أغسطس/آب 2023

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(45) Cas Mudde and Cristóbal Rovira Kaltwasser. Populism in Europe and the Americas: Threat or corrective for democracy? (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2012), 8-9. (46) Sven Engesser et al., Populist online communication: 1279–1292. (47) Margaret Canovan, “Trust the People! Populism and the Two Faces of Democracy,” Political Studies 47, No.1(1999): 5. (48) Koen Abts and Stefan Rummens, “Populism versus Democracy,” Political Studies 55, Issue (2) (2007): 405–424. (49) Margaret Canovan, Populism, (New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1981), 3-16. (50) Peter Van Aelst & Stefaan Walgrave, “Information and Arena: The Dual Function of the News Media for Political Elites,” Journal of Communication 66, no.3(2016): 507. (51) Hannah Arendt, The origins of totalitarianism, (New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1973), 44. (52) Tom G. Palmer. “The Terrifying Rise of Authoritarian Populism”, The Cato Institute, 24/07/2019. accessed on 21/08/2021 at: https://www.cato.org/ commentary/terrifying-rise-authoritarian-populism (53) Donatella della Porta & Alice Mattoni (eds.), Spreading protest: Social movements in times of crisis (Colchester: ECPR Press, 2015), 114. (54 Ibid. (55) Müller, What Is Populism, 4. (56) Ibid, 47-48. (57) Roberts Kenneth, Deepening democracy? The modern left and social movements in Chile and Peru, (Stanford, Calif: Stanford University Press: 1999), 75. (58) Richard S. Katz & William Crotty (eds.), Handbook of Party Politics, (US: SAGE Publications Ltd, 2006), 288.

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