The thermodynamics of a black hole
From a survey that was conducted on physics teachers at Dulwich College, 57% of them believe that string theory was unsuccessful, whereas 43% believe that it was a success. While AdS/CFT duality emerged at the start of the 21 st century, research was done on quantum entanglement at the beginning of the 20 th century which led to the proposition of a holographic mind, the first model of this theory. Imagine two electrons which are entangled, meaning their properties are related. After making the measurement, one can observe the state that the first electron is in, and without observing the second electron, you will still know what state it is in instantaneously, due to this entanglement. This is regardless of distance. However, nothing can travel quicker than c, so how is this possible? This experiment was conducted in 1982 by Alain Aspect and the mechanism behind this ‘spooky action’ was broken down by David Bohm later that year in the context of holograms. Communication between the particles can travel quicker than c because separation is an illusion. In fact, he argued that at a fundamental level, particles are not individual entities, but a member of something else. This then must be applied to the whole universe, suggesting everything is connected. This has then led to theories about a super-hologram, and the idea that past, present and future are all the same (Stealthskater, 2006). AdS/CFT duality would not be proposed for another few decades, hence this idea had insufficient credibility. Nevertheless, Bohm was not the only scientist who employed this explanation, previously Karl Pribram, a neuroscientist, reached the same conclusion. Pribam was fascinated by the concept of memory, as for years it was originally thought that memories were stored in certain regions. In 1920, Karl Lashley studying the brain patterns of dead rats found they were dispersed through the brain. Pribam in 1960 concluded that memories were not stored in certain areas in the brain, but in the nerve impulses that travel across the brain. This storage of information was like that of a hologram, as interference of lasers would result in a h olographic image. Furthermore, this model could shed light on the brain’ s storage capacity, as the brain can remember up to 10 billion bits of information, equivalent to 5 sets of the Encyclopaedia Britannica (Stealthskater, 2006). This huge capacity is like that of a holographic projection system, in the way that light can store an incredible amount of information. Amazingly, both these ideas came before Maldacena or Susskind were even born and around the period of Einstein. These ideas were poorly supported by mathematical proofs and instead pursued though moral belief, hence dismissed.
4.2
Scientific implications of a holographic universe
In the current model of the holographic universe, supersymmetric string theory must exist (Jones, 2009). String theory is a heavily misinterpreted theory and, while it is popular, it is still unproven. Supersymmetry, a branch of supersymmetric string theory, was first theorized in the mid-20 th century and describes how every elementary particle (a particle that cannot be broken up into smaller particles) has a corresponding partner. There are 2 types of elementary particles, fermions, and bosons, and, according to supersymmetry, every fermion would have a corresponding boson and vice versa. For example, a fermion, such as an electron would have a corresponding boson, called a selectron.
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