The thermodynamics of a black hole
loop quantum gravity, which suggests that the universe collapsed from a previous universe then expanded again, a phenomenon known as the ‘ big b ounce’ (Hawking, 1998). Additionally, quantum gravity attempts to posit a new model of black holes, a theory that would supersede Einstein’s GR of curved space-time. In quantum gravity, the interior of a black hole, perhaps the greatest scientific and philosophical mystery, could be explored, thus replacing fictitious ideas, such as wormholes and parallel universes. Additionally, AdS/CFT duality has augmented Einstein’s GR. In the past, GR was employed very rarely in scientific projects, as it only concerns bodies with large masses and moving at near- c velocities. QM on the other hand was frequently used owing to its ubiquitous behaviour in everyday scenarios, ranging from electronical devices to quantum computing. However, this uneven balance is shifting as GR is being used more often and is a result of the correspondence (Luminet, 2016). Due to unifications of QM and GR in string theory, which is required for AdS/CFT duality, GR can now be employed to describe everyday events, and even be used for projects in technological companies, such as for GPS. This does not necessarily clarify the existence of string theory or AdS/CFT duality but illustrates how some aspects of the theories correctly describe the behaviour of the universe. Another important question is: what if string theory were directly falsified, and no new models could be relied on to fix imperfections in current models? In summary, this would not be as catastrophic as one would imagine, as one other theory that attempts to reconcile GR and QM is loop quantum gravity (Luminet, 2016). It is a fierce competitor of string theory and applied to a holographic model could be used to delineate irregularities in space-time at a plank level that string theory cannot elucidate. The holographic principle is so much more than just a solution to the information paradox but a refinement in our model of physics. Gauge-gravity correspondence heavily relies on further unproved ideas, such as string theory and quantum gravity, thus demonstrating its impact. While I have only listed a few scientific implications, in truth there are hundreds of other further implications that would change the way we perceive the universe.
Conclusion
The evidence against the existence of a holographic universe revealed the implausibility of such a reality, thus making me wary of AdS/CFT duality. Nevertheless, there are still a myriad of arguments that support the conjecture, such as the fuzziness during the inflation period and quantum entanglement, which must be considered before arriving at a definitive conclusion. I am inclined to believe that the holographic principle not only resolves the paradox but correctly describes the universe as a projection of information. The experiments performed to detect this holographic noise are certainly not supportive, hence there is still much controversy and suspicion around the theory. While there is support for the model as a mathematical tool, to imply that our universe is a projection of information for many is a considerable leap of faith. The importance of the holographic principle is boundless, as it would not only resolve the information paradox, but also explain irregularities in the inflation models of the universe, as well as uniting quantum mechanics and general relativity, hence explaining quantum gravity. Nevertheless, the evidence surrounding the theory is currently limited.
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