11/22/2017
Steel Composition
Steel Composition
Structural Components
• Iron + Carbon = Steel • Carbon: 0.2% - 2.4% • Carbon content determines type properties
Iron
Carbon (0.2% - 2.4%) Other Metals
Iron
Beams (1)
- Strength - Ductility -Hardness
What is a beam? • Structural element capable of withstanding flexural loads • Flexural loads cause a bending moment • Loads carried by beams: ▫ Self weight ▫ Gravitational loads
Carbon
▫ Wind loads ▫ Dead loads ▫ Lived loads ▫ Earthquake loads
Common Types of Steel Members
Beams (2)
• Concrete beam experiences three main phases before failure • Cracking Moment ▫ Concrete first cracks • Yielding Moment ▫ Flexural steel reinforcement reaches yield stress • Nominal Moment ▫ Ultimate moment capacity of beam before failure • Design criteria: ▫ Nominal Moment (multiplied by a safety factor) greater than Required Moment
Shape
Name
Purpose
Images
I
W Sections
Columns and Beams
L
Angles
Supports
C
Channels
Trusses
PL
Gusset Plate Splice Plate
Connecting beams
7
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