political arena. While successfully piggybacking onto the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (by achieving a ban on sex discrimination), many women believed there had been little or no enforcement of the law. They therefore favored the formation of an organization to address women’s needs in the way civil rights groups had spoken out for Black Americans. In 1966 Betty Friedan, whose book The Feminine Mystique (1963) had sparked a national debate about gender roles, joined with others to found the National Organization for Women (NOW) to pursue “true equality for all women in America ... and a fully equal partnership of the sexes.” By the 1970s the women’s movement had become extremely active in pursuing its goals. One such goal, the Equal Rights Amendment, passed both Houses of Congress, but fell three states short of ratification.
OCTOBER 1965 University of California, Irvine Opens The branches of the University of California established in the mid-1960s at Irvine, San Diego, and Santa Cruz were founded as “general campuses” and enrolled undergraduate and graduate students in the arts, biological sciences, humanities, physical sciences, and social sciences as well as professional schools. UC Irvine’s aspirations had been originally presented in June 1963 in a long-range plan that included both pedagogical principles and a physical design. A central figure in choosing the specific location was the architect-planner William Pereira, who in October 1957 had been named Master Architect for the campus. After an extensive search, the site he recommended was the Irvine Ranch, a historic landholding bisecting Orange County. Working closely with Pereira and founding Chancellor Daniel G. Aldrich, Jr. was Ray Watson of The Irvine Company, a persuasive advocate for Pereira’s concept of linking the city with the university. On October 4, 1965 the campus began operations with 1,589 students and 119 faculty members. The new city that would ultimately surround the campus was still six years in the future. APRIL 1966 Baseball’s Angels Come to Anaheim In the 1950s and 1960s the growth of commercial aviation allowed professional baseball to expand nationally, bringing three National League teams (Giants, Dodgers, Padres) and two American League teams (Athletics and Angels) to California. The Angels franchise of today was created as an expansion team in 1961 under the ownership of the cowboy actor and singer, Gene Autry. It played at Wrigley Field, Los Angeles in 1961 and from 1962 to 1965 at Dodger Stadium, moving to a new stadium in Anaheim as the “California Angels” in 1966. The “Angels” name actually dates from 1892 and was used until 1957 by the Los Angeles Angels of the Pacific Coast League. In the 1990s the current team was renamed the “Anaheim Angels.” In 2002, the same year the team won its first World Series, it was renamed the “Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim.” OCTOBER 1966 National Organization for Women (NOW) Founded The civil rights struggle of the 1960s served as inspiration for an emerging women’s movement. Like the “first wave” of feminism that had achieved suffrage in 1920, “second wave” feminists found it necessary to be active in the
MARCH, SEPTEMBER 1967 South Coast Plaza & Fashion Island Open
A defining feature of Orange County in recent decades, as its population has become more diverse, is its increasing cosmopolitanism, i.e. its interest in, knowledge of, and appreciation for many parts of the world. A leading indicator of its cosmopolitanism can be found in its consumer culture — especially at two of Orange County’s upscale retail centers: South Coast Plaza and Fashion Island. South Coast Plaza was founded in 1967 by Harold T. Segerstrom and his cousin Henry T. Segerstrom in what had been one of the family’s lima bean fields in Costa Mesa. It was built the same year as the Irvine Company’s Fashion Island center in Newport Beach. In their early years these malls featured mainstream department stores such as Bullock’s, Nordstrom’s, Buffum’s, J. W. Robinson’s, and The Broadway. In more recent years these have been supplemented by enterprises featuring a more international flavor. Gorgio Armani, Versace, Marche Moderne, and Canaletto are examples.
JUNE 1967 Six Day War: Israel Expands Its Area of Control
Established as a state in 1948 and having survived wars with neighboring Arab nations in that year and again in 1956, Israel responded to increasing regional tension, Arab military mobilization, and a damaging Egyptian commercial blockade by launching surprise air strikes on June 5, 1967 against Egyptian, Jordanian, and Syrian forces. In the course of the next week Israeli armies advanced decisively, occupying new territory more than three times
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