ANTONY SAVVAS THE ARTOF NOISE THE ARTOF NOISE
SOLVING SIGNALLING AND NETWORK TRANSPORT PROBLEMS S L I SI ALLING ET ORK PORT PROBLEMS
As network technology moves closer to speeds of 400G, what sort of problems are springing up and how are the requirements to deliver increased bandwidth density being addressed, Antony Savvas looks at how the industry is adapting. l y moves l f , what sort f r l r s ringing up and re the requirements to deliver increase and idth density being addressed, Antony Savvas looks at ho the industry is adapting.
provider Go!Foton, says taking short-cuts with your network infrastructure will ‘only come back to haunt you’. He stresses the importance of building networks from the ground up with the future in mind. Zammit acknowledges that the concept of achieving a complete high-density fibre management infrastructure may seem and GM at fibre connectivity solutions provider Go!Foton, says taking short- cuts with your network infrastructure will ‘only come back to haunt you’. He stresses the importance of building networks from the ground up with the future in mind. Zammit acknowledges that the concept of achieving a complete high- FUTURE PROOFING He says, “Operators must evolve their network to be smarter and more efficient, and this starts by building a ‘Layer 0’ fibre infrastructure that is both versatile and agile enough to manage the explosive growth in optical port connection density, while being ready to support any new technologies and applications which may emerge down the road.” He adds, “Future- proofing your connectivity infrastructure in this fashion can be done in a way that is both practical and budget-friendly, while enhancing the ability to manage new services without compromising network performance and reliability.” ‘daunting task’ for many operators, but says they can overcome problems by getting it right at the outset. FUTURE PR OFING He says, “Operators must evolve their network to be smarter and more efficient, and this starts by building a ‘Layer 0’ fibre infrastructure that is both versatile and agile enough to manage the explosive growth in optical port connection density, while being ready to support any new technologies and applications which may emerge down the road.” He adds, “Future-proofing your connectivity infrastructure in this fashion can be done in a way that is both practical and budget-friendly, while enhancing the ability to manage new like a ‘daunting task’ for many operators, but says they can density fibre management infrastructure may se like a overcome problems by getting it right at the outset.
P otential errors that need to be tackled include optical dispersion over distance and optical ‘noise’. Chad Lamb, chief systems architect at optical networking products supplier XKL, says, “As you increase bandwidth you have to increase power. When increasing power, you have to look at the distance between amplifier locations to ensure you are not adding too much or too little power. If you add too much power, you can interfere with the constellation within the modulation scheme. This could create FEC, or Forward Error Correction. With increased error in the network, you lose performance, and as you amplify across the amp chain, you also amplify noise. So, the signal-to-noise ratio must be addressed to maintain a quality power balance.” otential errors that need to be tackled includ ptic l dispersion over distance and optical ‘noise’. Chad Lamb, chief systems architect at optical networking products supplier XKL, says, “As you increase bandwidth you have to increase power. When increasing power, you have to look at the distance between amplifier locations to ensure you are not adding too much or too little power. If you add too much power, you can interfere with the constellation within the modulation scheme. This could create FEC, or Forward Error Correction. With increased error in the network, you lose performance, and as you amplify across the amp chain, you also amplify noise. So, the signal-to-noise ratio must be addressed to maintain a quality power balance.”
Also, as optical fibre does not have unlimited bandwidth, each optical carrier in a fibre requires a minimum amount of bandwidth in order to effectively propagate the signal. Each carrier in a DWDM system uses a portion of the total optical power in the fibre. This results in limiting the total number of carriers that are possible (i.e., the channel spacing). The modulation scheme, baud rate and number of carriers per channel determines how much overall bandwidth is available in the fibre. “There are limitations on how much optical power can be launched before other non- linearities in the fibre prohibit the recovery of these signals,” says Lamb, “meaning the launch power per carrier, as well as overall launch power, is limited. This also limits the overall distance signals can effectively propagate down fibre.” With this is mind, Michel Zammit, VP and GM at fibre connectivity solutions Also, as optical fibre does not have unlimited bandwidth, each optical carrier in a fibr requires a minimum amount of bandwidth n order to effectively propagate the signal. Each carrier in a DWDM system uses a portion of the total optical power in the fibre. This results in limiting the total number of carriers th t are possibl (i.e., th channel spacing). The modulation sche e, baud rate and nu ber of carriers per channel determines how much overall bandwidth is available in the fibre. “There are limitations on how much optical power can be launched before other non-linearities in the fibre prohibit the recovery of these signals,” says Lamb, “meaning the launch power per carrier, as well as overall launch power, is limited. This also limits the overall distance signals can effectively propagate down fibre.” ith this is ind, ichel Za it, VP
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| ISSUE 14 | Q3 2018 | ISSUE 13 | Q2 2018
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