• The Black Death weakened the Catholic Church — many people lost faith and respect after so many people, including priests, had died from the plague. • The death of so many educated monks and scholars meant that schools had to teach in English rather than Latin or French.
3.17 Inquiry: How does an event impact different societies? • Different societies reacted to the Black Death in different ways. • When researching a topic, a mix of primary and secondary sources is ideal. 3.18.2 Key terms
archbishop head bishop artillery large mounted firearms such as the cannon bishop clergyman who governs a diocese, a large church district
blasphemy any words or actions that were considered disrespectful or insulting towards God or religion. This included things like cursing, speaking rudely about religious figures or religion, or denying the existence of God. It was considered a serious crime and was punished by fines, imprisonment, or even death. bloodletting medieval medical practice where blood was deliberately removed using cuts or leeches; commonly used during plagues though it was often harmful bubonic plague the commonest form of plague in humans, characterised by fever, delirium, and the formation of buboes cardinal leading clergyman who is a member of the Pope’s Council, or Sacred College, and who has the power to elect the Pope from among his own group cathedral main church of a diocese; contains the bishop’s throne chronicle a record of events as they happened, usually written by a person who was present at the time they occurred city-state a city that with its surrounding territory forms an independent state clergy officials of the Church concentric having a common centre curtain wall outer wall surrounding an inner wall in a castle dormant inactive or sleeping, with the potential to become active at any time duke in England, a lord whose status placed him just below that of a prince; elsewhere in Europe, a ruler of a small state called a duchy or dukedom endemic normally and regularly found in a particular location or environment fallow when a field was left for a period without being sown in order to restore its fertility through the nutrients in the soil feudalism social order in medieval Europe Franks people of a group of a Germanic nation who ruled in western Europe from the sixth century CE geld a form of land tax heresy opinion that challenged or differed from that of the Roman Catholic Church or the less tolerant Protestant churches heretic one who rejects the teachings of the Church illumination hand-painted illustration in a medieval book keep innermost tower of a castle lance a long wooden shaft with a steel point used as a weapon by mounted knights lords feudal term for aristocracy of big landowners lymphnode lump of tissue that helps the body fight infection; part of the immune system mace iron-headed club martyr someone who dies for their faith or is recognised by their religion in death mass Roman Catholic Church service miasma unpleasant smells or fumes thought to be the cause of disease in medieval times middle class a social class between the privileged nobility and the poor peasants. It typically comprised merchants and wealthier craftspeople. moat water-filled defensive ditch surrounding a castle motte a mound upon which a castle was built Normandy now a French province, in the Middle Ages it was a dukedom in northern France
112 Jacaranda Humanities Alive 8 Victorian Curriculum Third Edition
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