nun member of a closed community of women living under religious vows and rules palisade tall fence made of pointed timber stakes driven into the ground pandemic widespread across a large region persecution oppression or punishment of a person or group of people, usually because of their religion
phalanx body of foot soldiers in close battle order pike long spear-like weapon carried by foot soldiers pneumonic plague a severe lung infection caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis reeve a magistrate administering law in a village regurgitate to vomit, or bring up the contents of the stomach or throat sacrament a sacred Christian ceremony, for example, baptism or marriage
sanctuary protection offered to individuals who were seeking refuge from persecution or punishment. The right of sanctuary was based on the idea that churches and other religious institutions were sacred and provided a safe place for those in need of protection. They were granted temporary protection from arrest, allowing them
time to negotiate a settlement for their crime, or seek a pardon. septicaemic plague a plague wherein bacteria multiply in the blood sermon moral or religious lecture delivered by a priest stirrup foot supports suspended from a saddle by straps thatch straw used for making roofs theologian a person who is considered to be an expert in religious matters vernacular everyday language spoken by a particular group or class
3.18.3 Reflection Complete the following to reflect on your learning.
Revisit the inquiry questions posed in the Overview: What were the significant social, cultural, economic, environmental and political features of life in Medieval Europe? 1. Now that you have completed this topic, what is your view on the question? Discuss with a partner. Has your learning in this topic changed your view? If so, how? 2. Write a paragraph in response to the inquiry question, outlining your views.
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TOPIC3 Medieval Europe 113
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