LESSON 4.9 Review 4.9.1
Key knowledge summary Use this dot point summary to review the content covered in this topic. 4.2 Leadership and power in the Ottoman Empire • The Sultan had absolute power, governing the vast empire via the Imperial Council and governors in themany eyalets (provinces). • The m illet was a system that gave each religious group within the empire considerable autonomy, helping keep peace between the different groups. • Order was maintained via the legal system (sharia law and cadis) and military power (Janissaries). Non-Muslim millets also had their own legal systems.What are the origins of the Ottoman Empire? 4.3 How did the Ottoman Empire expand? • By the thirteenth century, the Middle East was made up of a series of states competing for dominance. The emerging Ottoman Empire took advantage of this political uncertainty to expand its influence. • Osman I is credited as being the first ruler of the Ottoman Empire. • Osman’s successor, Orhan, solidified the Ottoman’s status and laid the foundation for further expansion by subsequent rulers. • Murad I successfully conquered parts of the Balkan States, providing the ability for the Ottomans to attack its key rivals in Europe. 4.4 What caused the fall of Constantinople? • After a brief period of instability at the beginning of the fifteenth century, the influence and power of the Ottoman Empire continued to spread. Soon, the Ottomans were ready to launch an attack on the capital of the Byzantine Empire, Constantinople. • For more than a thousand years, the rulers of Constantinople had built and maintained strong defences, mainly through the construction of thick, fortified walls. • The siege lasted 53 days and is seen by historians as the event that signifies the end of the Roman Empire. 4.5 Who was Suleiman the Magnificent? • Under the rule of Suleiman, the Ottoman Empire became the largest and most powerful empire at the time. • Suleiman’s rule oversaw significant developments in art, literature and science, yet he was also known for his military accomplishments. • Followers of Christianity and Judaism were offered significant religious freedom under Suleiman. • Suleiman attempted to conquer his biggest European rival, the Habsburg Empire, but his failure to do so marked the end of Ottoman expansion into Europe. 4.6 What was life like in the Ottoman Empire? • Life within the Ottoman Empire varied greatly, usually depending on a person’s social and economic status. • Houses of the wealthy usually had multiple rooms, whereas the houses of poorer groups of society were usually single-room, multi-purpose dwellings. • Clothing, and particularly headwear and belts, was a sign of status in the community. • The status of women during the Ottoman Empire was inconsistent. While women had some civil and property rights, they were still not considered equal members of society. • Trade was a significant part of Ottoman culture, with large caravans of camels and traders travelling large distances to exchange goods.
Jacaranda Humanities Alive 8 Victorian Curriculum Third Edition
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