• The movement of artists, scholars and Humanists spread ideas throughout Europe. • In the early sixteenth century, English culture flourished. 5.10 What were the Reformation and Counter-Reformation? • The Reformation began as a series of unrelated attempts to reform the Catholic Church. • One important reformer was Martin Luther, who translated the Bible into German so more people could read it. • In Switzerland, John Calvin formed a church with elected ministers. • In England, King Henry VIII created the Church of England and became its head, replacing the Pope. • In response to the Reformation, the Catholic Church experienced its own period of reform, called the Counter-Reformation. 5.11 What were the legacies of the Renaissance? • The Renaissance gave the world an enormous cultural legacy of art, sculpture, architecture, poetry and literature. • The spirit of intellectual inquiry in Humanism influenced new generations to study and create. • The advances in the fields of science and mathematics contributed to modern society. • The Reformation created several new Christian denominations that exist today. • The Bible was translated into local languages and large numbers were printed on printing presses. 5.12 Inquiry: Who were the significant women of the Renaissance? • Women in the Renaissance exercised notable influence in various fields, including politics, art and literature. • Views on their lives and character varied considerably during the Renaissance, shaped by societal norms and the roles they were expected to play. 5.13.2 Key terms
anatomical drawing drawing showing the workings of organs and systems of the body anatomy the scientific study of the structure of the body
arsenalotti craftsmen who built ships in Venice chastity choosing not to have sexual relationships denomination a branch of the Christian Church doctrine a collective teaching dowry a payment of money or goods as part of a marriage agreement fresco a picture painted on a freshly plastered wall or ceiling friar a member of a Catholic order who was supposed to live in poverty guild an association of craftspeople hereditary passed from parent to a child heretic one who rejects the teachings of the Church indulgences at this time, in this context, indulgence was a way to reduce the amount of punishment one had to undergo for (forgiven) sins
merchant a person who buys and sells goods for profit oligarchy a government run by a small group of people
patron a person or institution who pays for a work to be created philosophy the study of the principles underlying all knowledge popolo grasso a term used to describe the wealthy popolo minuto a term used to describe people of modest means republic a state in which the head of the government is not a ruler who inherits his position as might a king or emperor vernacular everyday language spoken by a particular group or class
Jacaranda Humanities Alive 8 Victorian Curriculum Third Edition
Made with FlippingBook interactive PDF creator