Vietnam • In 207 BCE the state of Nam-Viet was proclaimed in what is now northern Vietnam. A century later, China made it part of its empire. It remained under Chinese control until 939 CE when Vietnam broke away and formed the state of Dai Viet. This state had to resist several Chinese attempts to regain control. • What is now the coastal part of southern Vietnam was then the Hindu state of Champa. From the eleventh century, Vietnam gradually spread south, taking territory from Champa. Yet in the twelfth century, Champa was powerful enough to attack the Khmer Empire. Between the ninth century and the twelfth century, most states bordering the Khmer Empire were small and struggling to establish themselves. The Tai peoples’ main enemies were the Burmese; the Viets were concerned with the Chinese and Champa. This situation helped the Khmer Empire to expand. However, once strong and united states emerged in Thailand and Vietnam, the Khmer Empire would be under threat.
SOURCE3 A map of civilisations and empires in mainland South-East Asia in 1100–1200 CE. Blackline borders show modern states.
Key
Modern country border
Angkor
City
KHMER
Kingdom
EMPIRE OF
THE GREAT KHAN
YUNGUI PLATEAU
DAI VIET
BAGAN
Gulf of Tonk i n
PEGU
Haripunchai
Khorat Plateau
Sukhothai
THATON
Gulf of Martaban
R a
KHMER
CHAMPA
Angkor
SOUTH
Tonle Sap
CHINA
ANDAMAN
Gulf of Tha i l and
SEA
SEA
0
200
400 600
kilometres
Lake Toba
Source: Map drawn by Spatial Vision.
Jacaranda Humanities Alive 8 Victorian Curriculum Third Edition
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