glaze a substance fused onto pottery to give it a glass-like appearance hostage a person kept for security kabuki a colourful form of theatre combining play-acting, dance and music kana a writing system that represents Japanese syllables
kiln an oven used at high temperatures to heat and harden ceramic items monochrome varying tones of a single colour, usually black and grey monopoly an organisation or group that has complete control of something musket a muzzle-loading gun with a long barrel origami the art of folding paper into different shapes and designs pagoda a Hindu or Buddhist temple, typically in the form of a many-tiered tower palanquin a sort of couch for transporting passengers, with long poles on each side so that servants could carry it on their shoulders pigment a natural colouring material made of plant or animal tissue polytheistic the belief in or worship of more than one god regent a person appointed to rule a country if a monarch is too young or ill to do so ronin a wandering samurai who had no lord or master sake a Japanese alcoholic drink made from fermented rice; sometimes known as rice wine samurai the warrior class in Japan during the Classical and sh̄ogunate periods seppuku a form of ritual suicide, carried out by disembowelling oneself (cutting open the abdomen) with a sword shaman a person who claims to communicate with spirits through mystic rituals Shint̄o an ancient Japanese religion the followers of which believe in nature spirits and ancestor worship sh̄ogun literally ‘barbarian-conquering great general’; the Japanese emperor’s chief military adviser and hereditary commander-in-chief, with the duty to protect Japan from foreign invasion tariff a tax on goods imported from a foreign country tea ceremony an ancient Japanese ritual of serving and drinking tea
treaty a formal agreement between two or more nations tributary a state that gives payment to another state or ruler tuberculosis a serious and infectious disease that affects the lungs typhoon name given to big tropical storms in the Pacific and Indian Ocean
vassal a person who holds land for a lord, and in return pledges loyalty and service to him washi handmade paper created from the bark or fibre of various shrubs, grasses or trees
9.11.3 Reflection Complete the following to reflect on your learning.
Revisit the inquiry question posed in the overview. How has the Japanese way of life and the roles and relationships of different groups changed over time? 1. Now that you have completed this topic, what is your view on the question? Discuss with a partner. Has your learning in this topic changed your view? If so, how? 2. Write a paragraph in response to the inquiry question, outlining your views.
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TOPIC9 Japan under the sh̄oguns 255
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