We can tackle this through the following steps. Step1 Identify the period of the Warring States and list key events before and during this time. The Warring States period occurred from 1467 to 1603. Key events include: • In 1467, a civil war erupted between supporters of two brothers vying to be the sh̄ogun. • The conþict began in 1464 over the sh̄ogun succession. • Powerful daimȳo clans backed each brother, seeking greater power. • Wars between daimȳo clans continued for over 100 years until uniýcation under Oda Nobunaga, Toyotomi Hideyoshi, and Tokugawa Ieyasu, who established the Tokugawa sh̄ogunate in 1603. Step2 Identify longer-term trends in Japanese society before and during the conþict. • The Ashikaga sh̄oguns held power since the fall of the Kamakura sh̄oguns, who lost power due to daimȳo and samurai uprisings. • Daimȳo, wealthy landowners backed by samurai, held signiýcant power since the eighth century. • During the Warring States period, Ashikaga sh̄oguns were essentially puppets of various daimȳo clans. • Since 1192, sh̄oguns held ofýcial military power, with the emperor as a ýgurehead. Step3 Formulate an answer to explain the causes of the Warring States period. The Warring States period had immediate and long-term causes. The immediate trigger was a succession dispute between two brothers in 1467, leading to civil war among daimȳo clans. Wars persisted for over 100 years due to daimȳo power struggles. The underlying cause was the daimȳo’s wealth and power, which fuelled constant rivalries and conþicts. The Kamakura sh̄oguns had also lost power in 1333 due to daimȳo and samurai rebellions. The period of conþict ended when Tokugawa Ieyasu weakened the daimȳo’s power and restored sh̄ogunal authority. 1.7.3 Letmedo it 1.7 ACTIVITIES 1. Use the three steps in the Show me section to answer the following question, discussing both the long-term trends and the short-term causes: Why did the Tokugawa sh̄oguns take control of Japan’s foreign trade? 2. Based on your analysis of the causes of the Tokugawa sh̄oguns’ decision to take control of foreign trade, answer the following questions: a. How important was the issue of religion in the policy of the Tokugawa sh̄oguns to tightly control foreign trade? b. Why did the sh̄oguns have a different attitude to the Dutch than they did toward the Spanish and Portuguese in matters of trade? c. Identify two examples in the Closed Country Edict of 1635 that are designed to reinforce the Tokugawa sh̄oguns’ control of trade. d. Why would the Tokugawa sh̄oguns have considered it important to deny other daimȳo families access to foreign trade? e. Outline two ways in which the Tokugawa sh̄oguns were able to beneýt personally from their control of trade. f. How did the sh̄ogunate control of trade affect the availability of valuable metals within Japan?
Jacaranda Humanities Alive 8 Victorian Curriculum Third Edition
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