11.7.1 Tapu and mana Polynesian life was guided by a sacred law called tapu (or kapu in Hawai’i), meaning taboo. Breaking tapu could bring misfortune, sickness or death. For example, in Hawai’i, touching the shadow of the ali’i (chief) was punished because it was believed to steal his mana, a form of spiritual energy. Mana was thought to be present in all things, living and non-living. The M̄aori believed their gods brought fire to their islands, which appeared as volcanoes and hot springs. The gods, or atua, were the sources of mana and tapu, and only their protection could save humans from evil. Objects declared tapu had to be respected; forests and fishing grounds could be tapu during certain seasons. Burial grounds were tapu, and the possessions of a dead person were tapu until cleansed by a spiritual leader. 11.7.2 The importance of art Each Polynesian settlement was isolated, so unique art and culture developed independently. Art showed status and tribal differences, and became part of daily life. Even simple items like fishhooks were beautifully crafted. Possessions like canoes, paddles, musical instruments and gateways were decorated. The K̄anaka Maoli of Hawai’i created the hula, a dance and chant, after arriving to Hawai’i. Petroglyphs were found on many islands. The M̄aori of Aotearoa used art and customs to show their culture and beliefs. The variety of materials available gave artists lots of options to create their work.
SkillBuilder discussion Using historical sources 1. What is the significance of the petroglyph found on Rapa Nui in Polynesian culture and beliefs? 2. How did the isolated development of Rapa Nui influence the style and symbolism of this petroglyph? 3. Are there similarities between this petroglyph and other forms of Polynesian art, like tiki carvings?
SOURCE2 A petroglyph found on Rapa Nui
Jacaranda Humanities Alive 8 Victorian Curriculum Third Edition
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