SkillBuilder discussion Geographical inquiry 1. Why is New Zealand so prone to earthquakes? 2. Explain why the impact of the 2011 earthquake was so severe. 3. List five steps a community in an earthquake prone region might take to reduce the impact of future earthquakes. 14.6 SkillBuilder activity CONCLUDING AND DECISION-MAKING Evaluate and discuss the statement: ‘The largest Earthquakes are always the most damaging’. 1. Work in pairs. Use the information in this lesson and conduct research on several earthquakes of varying intensity. Ensure you have several that were quite powerful. 2. Make notes on the extent of damage caused in each and then compare the information for different-sized earthquakes. You may like to draw up a table to help with this. 3. Use the information you’ve collected to agree, partially agree or disagree with the statement. 4. Present your conclusion and evidence to the class.
14.6
Exercise
Learning pathways LEVEL1 1, 4, 5
LEVEL2
LEVEL3
2, 3, 7
6, 8, 9
REMEMBER AND UNDERSTAND 1. Complete the following statements by filling in the blanks.
The point where the actual earthquake occurs under the surface is called the ______. The point directly above this on the Earth’s surface is known as the ____________. The shallower the earthquake, the more __________ the earthquake will be. Energy travels out from an earthquake in _________ __________. The strength of an earthquake can be measured on the R______ S______ and the M________ M________ S_______, but more often in recent times, seismologists use the M________ M________ S________ . 2. Explain how an earthquake occurs. Create a diagram to assist your explanation. 3. Explain how primary waves differ from secondary waves of earthquakes. 4. The Richter scale measures earthquake magnitude. Identify how much more powerful is the magnitude of an earthquake at 7.0 than at 5.0. A. 2 times greater B. 10 times greater C. 100 times greater D. 1000 times greater 5. Study FIGURE5 and determine whether the following statements are True or False. If they are False, rewrite them to make them True.
a. The earthquake and aftershocks were between 4.0 and 6.0 in magnitude. b. The furthest earthquake and aftershocks were 100 kilometres apart.
c. The earthquake on 12 May was the same intensity as the earthquake on 25 April. d. Most of the aftershocks were felt to the east of the main earthquake on 25 April. ANALYSE AND APPLY 6. Geophysicists and other experts have warned for decades that Nepal was vulnerable to a deadly earthquake. Propose reasons why Nepal wasn’t prepared for this event. 7. Study FIGURE4 . a. Identify which direction the Indian Plate is moving in. Determine whether it is moving under or over the Eurasian Plate. b. Describe the location of the highest intensity shaking. Determine how close it was to the epicentre and to the tectonic plate boundary.
TOPIC14 Geomorphological processes and hazards
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