14.8 SkillBuilder activity COMMUNICATING Compare two case studies of recent earthquakes or tsunamis (e.g. Japan 2011 tsunami and Türkiye–Syria earthquakes in, 2023) 1. In pairs or small groups, complete a table with the following columns: Country/event Impact on people and places Social, cultural, economic factors
2. Discuss ways in which wealth, building codes, emergency responses, or population density affected outcomes.
14.8
Exercise
Learning pathways LEVEL1 1, 2, 5
LEVEL2
LEVEL3
3, 4
6, 7, 8
REMEMBER AND UNDERSTAND 1. Complete the following passage by filling in the blanks.
The amount of damage and death caused by earthquake disasters does not always relate to the ____________ of the earthquake. Likewise, to measure the impact of a tsunami, we have to look at its effect on _________, not at the size of the earthquake nor ____________ that caused it, nor the size of the _________, which can be difficult to measure. Less _________ countries often do not have the ___________ to prepare adequately for an earthquake. Badly constructed ___________ in densely ____________ areas on poor land contribute to the scale of the disaster. 2. Select all factors that combine to turn a tsunami or earthquake into a disaster. A country’s lack of resources A. Sparsely populated areas B. Poorly constructed buildings C. Strong infrastructure D. Densely populated areas E. Well-constructed buildings F. 3. Explain why wealthier nations are less likely to experience large-scale disasters. 4. State the different impacts that earthquakes can have. 5. Examine FIGURE3. Determine if the following statements are True or False. a. The majority of large tsunamis occur in the Pacific Ocean.
b. Tsunami waves have impacted Australia regularly. c. Japan is the country most affected by tsunamis.
d. Europe is less likely to experience major earthquakes over 8.5 on the Richter scale. e. The largest earthquake recorded was in Valdivia, Chile, at 9.5 on the Richter scale. f. Africa has been repeatedly hit by both major earthquakes and tsunamis. ANALYSE AND APPLY 6. Study FIGURE3 in this lesson and FIGURE1 in lesson 14.2. Describe the interconnection between the distribution of earthquakes and the distribution of tectonic plates. EVALUATE AND COMMUNICATE 7. Explain why Japan might experience so many destructive earthquakes and tsunamis. 8. Explain why the potential damaging effects of liquefaction might impact the ways in which cities expand. Answers and sample responses for this topic are available online.
TOPIC14 Geomorphological processes and hazards
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