14.11
Exercise
Learning pathways LEVEL1 1, 4, 5
LEVEL2
LEVEL3
2, 3, 6
7, 8, 9, 10
REMEMBER AND UNDERSTAND 1. Determine whether the following statements are True or False. a. Volcanoes can erupt ash, gas and magma in the same eruption. b. The type of lava that erupts from a volcano can determine the shape of the cone. c. Volcanic bombs are blocks of magma so full of sulphur dioxide that they ‘explode’ when they hit the ground. d. A composite volcano is made up of both lava and ice. e. Lightning can be generated by the friction in volcanic ash. 2. a. Define pyroclastic flow. b. Explain why this type of volcanic hazard is so dangerous. 3. Explain how a volcanic cone develops. 4. Study FIGURE3 . Match each volcano to its description to explain how the shape of volcanoes depends on the different materials being ejected. i. Shield volcano ii. Composite volcano iii. Dome volcano iv. Cinder cone a. Thin lava spreads over a wide area before cooling. b. This is made up of alternate layers of cooled lava (forming areas of igneous rock) and ash. c. Layers of rock built up near the vent and the outer part of the volcano are made up of cinders and ash. d. This is formed by different layers of thick lava that cool and harden quickly. 5. Explain what is a stratovolcano. A. A volcano made up of layers of pumice, lava, ash and tephra B. A volcano created from passing over a hotspot C. A volcano made up of blocks of pumice and ash D. A volcano covered in snow and ice 6. a. Define lahar . Explain why they can impact areas many kilometres away from the volcano. ANALYSE AND APPLY 7. a. Discuss how volcanic ash is different from the ash in a fireplace. Explain the implications of this when ash builds up on rooftops. b. Explain why volcanic ash is usually considered more dangerous than lava. 8. Refer to FIGURES1 and 2 . a. Describe , in detail, the changes to the environment that volcanic eruptions can cause. b. Identify which changes would impact on a small scale and which would impact on a larger scale. 9. Propose how you might prepare a hazard map for a volcano. Explain what you would have to take into account. 10. Explain why the relative size of a magma chamber is potentially significant. Answers and sample responses for this topic are available online.
406 Jacaranda Humanities Alive 8 Victorian Curriculum Third Edition
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