LESSON 15.8 Urbanisation in Indonesia
LEARNING INTENTION By the end of this lesson, you should be able to: • explain the causes of urbanisation and urban growth in Indonesia and another country • discuss the impact of urbanisation on the environment in Indonesia • discuss the economic, aesthetic and cultural consequences of urbanisation.
Tune in Indonesia is one of Australia’s closest neighbours — but what do we know about it? Complete a mind map of what you already know about Indonesia and Jakarta. Consider where Indonesia is, who lives there, how many people live there and whether there are any tourist attractions.
FIGURE1 Map of Indonesia
PHILIPPINES
Banda Aceh
Key
PACIFIC
Aceh
BRUNEI
Indonesia Other countries Coastline Country border
OCEAN
Dumai
Singapore
Manado
Halmahera
SINGAPORE
Pakanbaru
Borneo
Manokwari
Kalimantan
Sumatra
Sulawesi
Kendawangan
Jayapura
Seram
West Papua
Ambon
Java Sea
Jakarta
INDIAN
Bandung
Java
Surabaya
Bali
East Nusa Tenggara
Dili
OCEAN
Denpasar
Arafura Sea
TIMOR-LESTE
Timor
0 200 400 600 800 km
AUSTRALIA
Timor Sea
Source: Spatial Vision
15.8.1 Indonesia’s population Many people do not realise that the fourth most populated country in the world is one of our nearest neighbours. Like many countries in Asia, Indonesia has experienced rapid urban growth, but this has occurred only relatively recently. Indonesia’s population of nearly 284 million people (2024) lives on an archipelago, a chain or cluster of more than 18 000 islands (see FIGURE1 ). However, its population is not evenly distributed. Only about 11 000 of the islands are actually inhabited. Sixty per cent of Indonesia’s population is concentrated on only seven per cent of the total land area — on the island of Java. Indonesia has changed from a rural to an urban society quite recently. In 1950, only 15.5 per cent of its population lived in urban areas. In 2018, this had increased to 55.3 per cent.
454 Jacaranda Humanities Alive 8 Victorian Curriculum Third Edition
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