FIGURE3 The Jakarta metropolitan area had a population of over 10 million in 2023 and a population density of over 14 000 people per square kilometre.
15.8.2
Consequences of urbanisation
Growth of Jakarta One of the consequences of urbanisation in Indonesia has been the dramatic growth of Jakarta, Indonesia’s capital and largest city, located on the north-west coast of Java. The central island of Java is the world’s most populous island, having a population density of 1000 people per square kilometre. The Jakarta Metropolitan Area (JMA) is now one of the world’s largest urban areas. In 1930, Jakarta’s population was around half a million people. By 1961 it had grown almost six-fold to 2.97 million. By 2005, it was almost 9 million. In 2019, the Special Capital Region of Jakarta had a population of almost 10 million, while the greater metropolitan agglomeration had a population of over 31 million.
SkillBuilder discussion Communicating 1. Why can’t Jakarta expand to the north? 2. Describe the expansion of Jakarta over this period. Ensure that you use direction in your discussion. 3. Discuss the potential problems that Jakarta’s rapid expansion may cause.
FIGURE4 Jakarta’s urban growth
2001
2008
2015
Barren
Water
Forest
Urban area
Vegetation
456 Jacaranda Humanities Alive 8 Victorian Curriculum Third Edition
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