8. Discuss how the urbanisation of Indonesia is similar to and different from the urbanisation of another country you have studied, such as Australia, China or the United States. 9. Investigate the start of the construction of the new capital city, Nusantara Capital City, in the East Kalimantan province of Indonesia. Present the pros and cons of such a dramatic move. Answers and sample responses for this topic are available online. LESSON 15.9 What are the advantages and disadvantages of urbanisation?
LEARNING INTENTION By the end of this lesson, you should be able to: • distinguish between and describe the advantages and disadvantages of urbanisation • identify and discuss conditions in urban slums.
Tune in Geographers look for relationships between variables , such urban population and GDP per capita shown in this scatterplot. Per capita means per person. In the study of Geography, variables are defined as characteristics that can be measured and provide information about a place, beyond just the location.
FIGURE1 Urban population vs GDP per capita, 2022
100%
Venezuela
Belgium
Singapore
Chile
Brazil
Malta
United States
Djibouti
Cuba Peru
80%
Germany
Russia
Iran
Japan
South Africa
Ireland
Angola
Cameroon
Portugal
Haiti
Philippines
China
60%
Nigeria
Israel
Liberia
Indonesia
Togo
Senegal
Qatar
Democratic Republic of Congo
Thailand
India
40%
Madagascar
Tanzania Kenya
Tajikistan
Afghanistan
Eswatini
Ethiopia
Bahrain
Niger
Sri Lanka
20%
Burundi
0%
$1000
$2000
$5000
$10000
$20000
$50000
$100000
GDP per capita
1.4B 600M
Africa Asia Europe North America Oceania South America
Circles sized by population
Based on the data shown in the FIGURE1 scatterplot and drawing on your wider knowledge, what do you predict about the direction and strength of the relationship between urban populations and GDP?
TOPIC15 Changing nations – urbanisation and migration 459
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